DIARY

of

CAPTAIN SOREN KRISTIANSEN

LAKE MICHIGAN SCHOONER CAPTAIN

1891 - 1893



Mid-Peninsula Library Cooperative 
Iron Mountain, Michigan
1981

*********

Delta County Historical Society Foundation
Museum Building Ludington Park
Escanaba, Michigan 49829

Introduction


"The bark trade and trouble is good buddies." With such observation, Captain Soren Kristiansen reveals the day to day, season to season life of a vesselman on Lake Michigan in the early 1890's.  

    This short diary was given to the Delta County Historical Society by Robert Jensen, whose  family knew Captain Kristiansen during his later years as keeper of the Sand Point Lighthouse  in Escanaba.

    The Board of Directors of the Historical Society appreciate the help of the Mid-Peninsula  Library Cooperative in making this diary available to the public.

                                            Louraine Ham, President
                                            Delta County Historical Society
                                            July, 1981

*********

Soren Kristiansen
Onekama, Michigan 1891

This is my Diary

    I wish to put down in this book what I am doing every day, and also how the weather is acting and how the winds are blowing. I wish that all I put in this book must be true, and that I always could set down and write good tidings so I know they always makes them smile who read.

                                        Yours Respectfully,

                                        Soren Kristiansen

*********



1912

Captain Kristiansen - Center
Engineer Charles Girard - Right
Cook John Frazer - Left

Courtesy Delta County Historical Society

*********

 

 

********************

 

 

DIARY

 

 

 

********************

 

*********

 

Book Page 1

Monday June 1st, 1891

    This is a fine day, hardly any wind and a bright warm sunshine. I got to Sheboygan last night with a hold full of wood and a deckload of bark on the scow MISHICOFF. I towed up the river this morning with the tug FRED NIELSON to C. T. Roenets Tannery. There I unloaded and measured out 44 cords of bark and 27 and one eighth cords of wood. MISHICOFF was the first vessel to that tannery this year and it was slow unloading, but they promised better dispatch later on when they got things in shape. They are nice people to deal with and have a good dock.

Tuesday June 2nd, 1891

    The wind is from north today, strong and cold. Yes, it is very cold for this time of the year. The sun is out at intervals, but most of the time it is veiled by a light greasy looking cloud. I said yesterday that they were working slow and I did not say how much they took of, therefore I will state today that they only got off 25 cords of bark. They started this morning again and had the cargo out about 4 oclock. The tug FRED NIELSON was telephoned for and he took the vessel down to the mouth of the harbour while I was sitting up in the office. The schooner LILLY E. was towed up there with some lumber, which they unloaded at Roenets dock by permission. The wind is increasing from the north and it took to be a dirty night.

Wednesday June 3rd, 1891

    The wind is north, strong and increasing to a

*********

Book Page 2

 

gale in the afternoon, It has been raining, heavy last night, in squalls with lightning and thunder, and the fog is so thick this forenoon that a very small distant can be seen. But after noon it is blowing a gale and the fog has changed in to a fine rain, which makes the atmosphere very cold and unpleasant for a summer day. We have been washing down the vessel and made a slide for the bark season. Among the vessels arrived is the schooner GENOA of Cleveland, and the schooner GREEN of Sheboygan, respectfully with coal and lumber. I am glad the MISHICOFF is in harbour to day because the weather is very hard and enough to make any vessel suffer.

At Sheboygan
Thursday June 4th, 1891

    The wind is from the north, it is blowing a gale and last night it was very rough, and also this forenoon, but in the afternoon it cleared up a little and the wind died away toward sundown. I hope we will have a change so we can get out. I will mention here that five vessels have arrived here today. L A. REASER... lumber. F. M. SMITH.,. slabs. EVENING STAR. ..lumber. J. DUVALL... lumber. And JESSE WINTER... light. The sunset is clear and not a cloud to be seen.

At Sheboygan
Friday June 5th, 1891

    The wind is from the north, strong and cloudy. Last night it was calm, and at 2 oclock the Capt. of the tug NIELSON came on board and told me that he had been outside and there was a nice breeze

*********

Book Page 3

from S W. I saw there was a little breeze inside from that direction and we towed out astern of the schooner MINISCHAKA. But I meet outside the piers with a short and deep swell from the N E and no wind at all. We had to let go the anchor and it breezed up with the break of daylight from the north and I made up my mind to go back into harbour again. We hove up the anchor and was towed in to harbour again by the tug NIELSON. The wind went down in the after noon and it is cloudy and rainy looking. We are looking for a change. Nothing remarkable have happened to day.

At Sheboygan
Saturday June 6th, 1891

    The wind is N E, strong and cloudy. It has been blowing now from north for six days and it has been very cold, not like the days of June at all. It is very tiresome to be laying around so long, the time is long and it makes a person feel tired. I do not see any use in going out to beat with this vessel, her draft of water is only about thirty inches and she will not come astay, so we will only be drifting to the southwest instead of gaining. The government boat that is supplying the lighthouses with oil was in here today, and the schooner SARDINIA arrived here with lumber from Muskegon. The windbound vessels are:  HAWKINS, LILLY E, WATISKA, JESSE WINTER, GREEN, and scow WILLIAMS. The first three I mentioned has been here all week

On the Lake
Sunday June 7, 1891

    The wind is north, nice breeze and hazy. At 9 oclock in the morning we handed our towline to 

*********

Book Page 4

 

the tug SHEBOYGAN who towed us to the lake. We set all sails and stood across until 8 oclock in the evening, when we went about, with Little Pt. Sable Light bearing E. by S., dist. 3 miles off. The wind has all day been blowing steady from the north and it has been nice and clear in the afternoon. The sunset was clear and dark red, leaving a hazy bank all around the horizon. Quite a number of vessels is in our company bound north, and we have seen a couple bound south. The day went away pleasant, especially the afternoon. I had a good time listening to Stewart and Andrew arguing about making bargains and backing out of it again. The first one thought it was right to back out of it was satisfaction on both sides, and the other thought it was not right to back out under any circumstances. Fish line out all day but not a bite.

Arrival at Onekama
Monday June 8th, 1891

    The wind is north, light and clear. Last night we was sailing along the shore with an easterly wind but it was very smoky, we could not see any land. About 8 oclock in the morning we had Portage piers bearing east 8 miles off.  It was calm until about 10 oclock when it breezed up from the north and we sailed through the piers about twelve, and landed at the railroad pier at 1 oclock.  There was no bark for us and we made the vessel ready for loading. All the bark was up in the country and they would not send any down until the vessels gets in to port. In the morning the STEVENS and ELSIE DAY got in to port. It looks so as this hooker trading to Portage Lake will have a very slow time of it because here is too much bark to go over this one pier and it makes it incon-

*********

 

Book Page 5

venient for moor and two vessels there to load at the time.

In Onekama
Tuesday June 9th, 1891

    The wind is east in the morning, with a light fog. The rest of the day it was N W with clear weather. We started to load in the morning with bark. We are loading from the R. R. cars. We are putting a slide from the cars down on the vessel and the men on the cars is putting the bark in the slide and it slides right down on the vessel, where there is men to take care of it and stow it away. It is measured out in cords, a cord is 4 feet high, 4 do wide, and 8 do long. It takes a lot of handling and care and it is not heavy, but it is very laborious work, especially if it is very dry. It then breaks up and makes a very slow work of it.  It costs from 6 to 10 dollars a cord, according to the quality needed in the market. I may tell some more about it one other time.

In Onekama
Wednesday June 10th, 1891

    The Wind is from south, strong with white clouds. We started to load at 7 oclock. We loaded from 7 to 9, then we had to stop until 1 oclock. There was no locomotive to switch in the loaded cars before that time.  We took in two cars in the afternoon and that made a nice load of 76 3/4 cords.  But when we get to Sheboygan we are doing well if we measure out 70 cords. The south wind took into Onekama a good many vessels. AGNES, MERCHANT, PORTER, SMITH and VERMONT got on the point and was towed to Schroeder's pier. There is a lot of talk about the VERMONT. Some says she do not sail, some says

*********

Book Page 6

 

she don't handle, and so forth, but I think she is not as good as she was with two masts, but she handles as good as any of them.

On the Lake
Thursday June 11th, 1891

    The wind is from the N W, nice breeze and clear. At 7 oclock in the morning we handed our towline to the WALLACE and he towed us to lake, but there was calm and she was drifting along the shore down to Pierport. We got a little S. W. wind and stood out until 4 oclock in the afternoon when we came about.  After 4 oclock the wind is baffling from all directions and there is no wind on the water. The vessels around us looks so small, a large steamer looks like a small boat. The sunset is clear, with a bank of clouds coming up afterwards, and in about one hour disappears. We are about six miles distant from the shore. It is generally so in the summertime that it blows a nice breeze off the land in the night time.

On the Lake
Friday June 12th, 1891

    The wind is to the south, light and clear. We stood across and was looking for Centerville, but we got Two Rivers Lighthouse bearing west, also about 22 miles further to the north than we expected. The current is generally running to the north and these shallow draught vessels is always making more leeway than a person is figuring on. On that account the vessels place is always found more to the north in crossing the lake. We had no wind on the water the whole day, but it was a nice breeze

*********

Book Page 7

 

from 20 feet above the water and upward and the MISHICOFF made a nice headway sometimes. Quite a number of vessels was beating together with us, among which I knew schooner VEGA, scow PORTER, and do CHICCIS. I am going to explain the difference between a scow and a schooner one day when I get room for it.

Arrival at Sheboygan
Saturday June 13th, 1891

    The wind is south, light and clear. Last evening we came about 4 miles S. E. of Two Rivers Light House and stood out until about half past nine. Then we came about again, and about five oclock in the morning we came about again 5 miles to the southwest of Sheboygan north point. At the same time we hoisted the flag on the main top in order to make the tugboat captain see us. He came out with the tug SHEBOYGAN and took first in the schooner PRIDE, and then he came out again and took in the MISHICOFF about 10 oclock. He took us to Fschetasche's Tannery where we started to unload at one P M. The vessel unloaders in Sheboygan is all in one union and they have it all in their hands. There are about fifty men and if there is only one vessel in they will all be on her, and if there is 20 vessels in they will divide up and put a few on each vessel. They started on the MISHICOFF with two men this afternoon, but a couple of hours afterwards they put on two more, and they unloaded about 25 cords.

In Sheboygan Harbour
Sunday June 14th, 1891

    The wind is S. E. light and clear and very warm.

*********

Book Page 8

 

I went ashore in the forenoon and took a walk down to the piers and I seen it was fine weather on the lake and the vessels out there was carrying every thing. I went from there to hunt up a Norwegian church and I found one. It was only a small one and the crowd inside was just as small as the church. We was only fifteen. I meet a man there who was from the same place in the old country as I am. He was an old pilot, but the income was very small and he was getting old and could not make a living over there. The pilots over there in Norway have to be outside night and day in small boats, and many a time they have to be out in bad weather and suffer with cold and wet, and at that they do well if they make $200 a year.

Leaving Sheboygan
Monday June 15th, 1891

    The wind is south, nice breeze and fog. They started to unload again in the morning and at 12 oclock it was all out of the hold. It was not all piled up before 2 oclock in the afternoon, then we measured it and found it to be 73 1/3 cord. I went to the office and settled up the freight and from there I went on the tug FRED NIELSON for a tow out. The owner, Ole Groh, was there and he seen a vessel outside with her flag from the main top, and he made all kinds of excuses. He was bound to go out there first and see what the vessel wanted. I stayed on board the tug and out she went wide open in the fog. The fog was low so we could see the vessel's mast but nothing else. We got up alongside of him... he was there to an anchor... and we found it to be the large schooner W. L. CROSTHWAITE of Vermillion. The Capt. and the owner of the tug got right on their

*********

Book Page 9

 

feet when they seen that big schooner and they had a great arguing about how to get a tow out of him. Finally the Capt. made up his mind that he was going to do the talking and all the others in the tug had to keep still. He told the captain of the schooner that there was no holding ground and that he would drift ashore if it blowed up and the captain believed him and handed him the towline without making a bargain with them, and they had a great laugh about how foolish that captain acted. Finally they came to the conclusion that they should charge him $24 for towing him out and in, and if he had made a bargain with them he would have got it for about half. That is the way vessel men is treated of by Sheboygan tug men. This captain was in a good place about 3 miles S. S. E. from Sheboygan piers, but they made him excited by telling him lies, and after they got his towline they was going to charge him twice as much as it was worth. When we got him alongside the dock they towed out the schooner ST. LAWRENCE and then they came back for the MISHICOFF. We got outside about 4 oclock in the afternoon. It is a nice breeze and the fog is lightening up all the time. The schooner VERMONT was outside the piers when we got out and the tug went for her and towed her to Roenits Tannery. 73 1/3 cords of bark is the biggest load of bark the MISHICOFF have had on since she was launched. They are piling the bark in piles 128 feet in length and four feet high. They are not close on the measure and I am satisfied to run to that Tannery all summer.

On the Lake
Tuesday June 16th, 1891

*********

Book Page 10

 

    The wind is variable and foggy and very hot.  In the afternoon it cleared off and breezed up the north.  During last night the wind was very variable, and fog so thick we could not see more than the length of the vessel. It was was lightning sharp in the north and N. W., and black clouds was gathering up, but no squalls got through.  In the morning I found that I was to the north of Portage Lake and that made me feel pretty blue, but when you can't see where you are going then it is pretty hard to find your way ain't it?  At 4 oclock in the afternoon it breezed up from the north and cleared up and the MISHICOFF was about 3 miles west from Apron Bluff, a large sand hill four miles to north of Portage Lake piers... it bears its name from a large spot of bushes that grows on the middle of it and looks like an apron. We sailed through the piers about 5 oclock and made her fast to Schroeders pier.

In Onekama
Wednesday June 17th, 1891

    The wind is north, strong and cloudy, sometimes a little rain. In the morning we started to load with bark on Schroeder's pier and kept on until noon. In the afternoon we filled the hold with maple wood. The owner did not had bark enough and we had to take wood in the hold and bark on deck. The bark is hauled out here by teams on this pier, and the men is carrying it from the pier on to the vessel and there they stow it in shape for the voyage. I have not much to say today. I guess that I was too busy with this bark and wood business. I turned the MISHICOFF around twice in order to make it as convenient as possible for the loading. It is

*********

Book Page 11

 

very little water here and that makes it troublesome to get at the bark and make quick work of it.

Leaving Onekama
Thursday June 18th, 1891

The wind is N. E., light and rain in the morning. At 10 oclock it let up raining and we started to load, we cleaned up all the bark that we had on the pier and at 1 oclock we towed to the R. R. pier and got a carload of bark there from Mr. Farr. We took that in and towed out a little after 6 oclock. We had no wind at all inside, but out in the lake was a little breeze from the N. E. The air is full of all kinds of insects and they are drifting out from shore with the wind and onto the water on the lake so that the water's surface is just covered with all kinds of flying insects. We also often see birds on the vessel that have been drifting out from shore, and sometimes they come on board the vessel, so tired that they only can fly a short distant. Some of them will come on board and look around like they should think, "This is a queer forest I have got into now!"

On the Lake
Friday June 19th, 1891

    The wind is E N E and east. During the night it was hazy and very light breeze. In sunrise it started to rain and the fog came on. It was also lightning and thunder and heavy rain until about 10 oclock when the rain let up, but the fog continued until after dinner. We had the light sails in and the mainsail down for about 3 hours in the morning. The wind was all the time light and in the afternoon it hauled to north and breezed up a little. We sighted

*********

Book Page 12

 

the land between Manitowoc and Sheboygan about 4 oclock, and a short time after we kept her off and steered for Sheboygan, but the wind is very light and I do not expect to get in before 12. The bark is now very wet and if we do not get it off tomorrow it will be moldy. When the bark is moldy then it is not in good condition, and we have always more or less trouble with the Tanners when we deliver moldy bark.

Arrival at Sheboygan
Saturday June 20th, 1891

    The wind is N. E., light and very foggy. During the night it was clear so we could see Sheboygan lights, but we had not a breath of wind before 4 oclock in the morning when it breezed up from N. E.  The fog came at the same time, so thick that we could not see more than a vessel's length. We stood in until we had four fathoms of water, then we heard the bell on the pier, but we was a little too far to the south so we made a short tack and that fetched us in to the harbour. The tug was up the river all this time, with the VERMONT stuck in the mud, and he just got down as we made the pier. We got as far as the Goodrich dock when he got our line. We was landed to Fschetasche's Tannery and there we unloaded the deckload in the afternoon.

In Sheboygan
Sunday June 21st, 1891

    The wind is south, light with thunder squalls and a little rain in the afternoon. I went to the little church where I was last Sunday, and in the afternoon I was visiting friends from the old country.

*********

 

*********

Book Page 13

 

Leaving Sheboygan 
Monday June 22nd, 1891

    The wind is N. W. strong and clear. In the morning they started again to unload and they had it all out at half past two in the afternoon. It was measured and found to be 52 3/8 cords of bark and 21 1/2 cords of wood. About 4 oclock in the afternoon we handed our towline to the tug SHEBOYGAN who towed us out to lake. We gave her all the canvas and about two miles out there was hardly any wind. That is the way it is in summer, strong breeze over the land and calm on the lake.  They are now tearing down that old elevator at the mouth of the harbour and the vessel men are glad of that because it always took the wind out of our sails when sailing into the harbour with south wind.  It has been there for 34 years.

On the Lake
Tuesday June 23rd, 1891

    The wind is south, very light and no wind at all on the water. The MISHICOFF goes along very slow and we are passing millions and millions of bugs and all kinds of flies that has been blowing off from the shore and are now floating dead on the lake's surface. At 1 oclock in the afternoon I could see Big Point Sable about 35 miles off, and as we came nearer the east side we got more breeze, and at 8 oclock we had Manistee beating S. E. by E 6 miles off. The sunset was clear and fine, with a dark bank of clouds raising to the north, but disappeared in about one hour. It is the brightest day I have seen on the lake, not a cloud the whole day to be seen, and the sun was not very hot, It breezed up a little after sundown, so I believe that we shall get the Onekama

*********

Book Page 14

 

piers about 10 oclock.

Arrival at Onekama
Wednesday June 24th, 1891

    The wind is S E, light and clear. About 12 oclock in the night we got Portage Lake piers. We hauled the vessel up to the bank but could not get by and had to make her fast for the night. The little schooner MINER was close behind us, and in the morning when we came on deck the PORTER, AGNES, COWLES and DREADNAUGHT was stringed along the pier. The COWLES and MINER sailed up, and the other four was towed in one tow by tug WALLACE.. We dropped the anchor while he was landing the others and afterwards he took us to Schroeder's pier where we took in what bark he had which nearly filled the hold.

In Onekama
Thursday June 25th, 1891

    The wind is south, light and cloudy and very warm. We did not had any bark and only four loads came from the woods, so we had very little to do on the vessel. We got something to do on shore though. Burmiester had a flagstaff that he was going to have up on the Opera House before the 4th of July. We went to work and put up derricks and cut a hole in the roof of the building and had it up in the afternoon and the MISHICOFF'S flag was flying from it from the time it was up till dark. It made the building look more handsome. It is clouding up to the north and getting a little cooler, but it do not look like any breeze, and it is yet very hot.

*********

Book Page 15

 

In Onekama 
Friday June 26th, 1891

    The wind is east, light and clear.   In the morning we gave her the foresail and sailed down from Schroeder's pier to R. R. pier. We only got in one carload of bark today.  There was no more to be got and we had to lay over to Saturday to get ready.

Leaving Onekama
Saturday June 27th, 1891

    The wind is variable and very hot. During the day we took in two carloads of bark and was ready to go out about 5 oclock in the afternoon. The MISHICOFF had on 82 3/4 cords of bark. We towed out about 6 oclock and the weather was very fine. After 12 oclock it breezed up a little from the S E and very smooth water so the MISHICOFF goes along fine.

Arrival at Sheboygan
Sunday June 28th, 1891

    The wind is S E, light and clear. We have made a nice little head way all night and I could see Sheboygan about 10 oclock in the morning. We went along nicely until about 3 oclock in the afternoon when we handed our towline to the tug SHEBOYGAN who towed us up the river to Fschetasche's dock where we made her fast and took it easy for the rest of the day.

Leaving Sheboygan
Monday June 29th, 1891

    The wind is west, strong and clear. In the morn-

*********

Book Page 16

 

ing about seven they started to unload with about 30 men and at half past four in the afternoon it was all out and found to be 75 1/2 cords. We handed our line to the tug FRED NIELSON and was towed to the lake by him. The wind is Westerly and the MISHICOFF is going a nice headway and we all expect to see Onekama in the morning.

Arrival at Onekama
Tuesday June 30th, 1891

    The wind is west, light and clear. In the morning we could see the east shore, and at noon we was about 4 miles from Manistee piers. The schooner VERMONT came along the shore and we both sailed for the Portage Lake piers, which we made about 1 oclock in the afternoon. We both sailed in and made fast to R. R. pier. Nothing more was done that day because we had no bark.

In Onekama
Wednesday July 1, 1891

    The wind is S W, light and very warm. In the morning we had two carloads of bark and we started to work with a whole lot of boys from 12 to 15 years of age and we got them two carloads in and laid around the rest of the day waiting for bark.

In Onekama
Thursday July 2, 1891

The wind is S W, light and very warm. We took in all the bark he had on the R. R. pier and at 4 oclock in the afternoon we towed to the Schroeder's pier and finished of our load. It came up with a

*********

Book Page 17

 

squall from the N W and we made her fast for the night.

Leaving Onekama
Friday July 3, 1891

    The wind is N W, strong and clear. About 6 oclock in the morning we gave her the canvas and sailed from Schroeder's pier down the lake to meet the tug WALLACE who towed out the VERMONT and the MADONNA. He met us about half way between the piers and Onekama and we handed him the line. He took us out to lake. It was a good breeze from N W, which hauled to the westward all the time and the MISHICOFF started to leak so that we could hardly keep her clear. So the captain made up his mind to go for Ludington. We sailed in to Ludington about 1 oclock in the afternoon and made her fast alongside the south pier.

In Ludington
Saturday July 4, 1891

    The wind is N W, strong and clear. This is the day of freedom for the United States and it is celebrated in a very large scale at many places in the country. Here it is quiet and not much is going on. Capt. Nielsen of the DANMABS came on board and I went with him on shore. We went out on the bank of the lake where he claimed was a picnic place, but when we got there we did not see anybody and we went back again onboard. I was sitting on the deckload for a while and looking at all the rockets and fireworks in town, and when I thought I had seen enough I went to bed.

*********

Book Page 18

 

In Ludington
Sunday July 5, 1891

    The wind is N W, strong and clear. Nothing to do outside and nothing to do inside. In the forenoon I went to church. I went in to a Swedish church, it was a little one, I think it would hold about 150 persons. It was full of people and the preacher was a middle aged man with a black beard, and he talked very plainly. In the afternoon I was sitting onboard. A little Russian boy was onboard awhile. The captain of the AGNES was also onboard and had a little talk, and the captain and four of the crew of the DANMABS was also onboard and had a talk. The AGNES is here windbound for Onekama and the DANMABS is here loading with slabs for Milwaukee.

Leaving Ludington
Monday July 6, 1891

    The wind is S E, light and clear. In the morning about 4 oclock we hoisted the canvas and let the vessel loose from the pier. We sailed out and after sunrise the wind died out. It was calm until noon, when it breezed up from S E. We had a nice breeze from then until 4 oclock but it looked very bad from the west and S W. About 6 oclock a white squall came from the north but it was not a hard one, it only changed the wind and we had a nice steady breeze of it for about 2 hours. Then it commenced to breeze up all the time and about 9 oclock we could see Two Rivers Light bearing N W. We had to take in the sails gradually and at 12 oclock we went for a squattered foresail and two jibs. All this time from sunset it has been raining awful.

********

Book Page 19

 

Arrival at Sheboygan 
Tuesday July 7, 1891

    The wind is N N E, it is blowing a gale with very heavy sea, and it is raining so that it is almost impossible for a man to have his eyes open. After 12 oclock we could see Sheboygan lights plain, and all the time the wind was increasing. At 1 oclock we lowered down our foresail and at half past one she took the biggest overhauling I ever saw her take.  She upset the water barrel and about 3/4 cords of bark was lost overboard. We was torching right along as we made for the piers but no tug was to be seen, and at half past two while about 100 fathoms east from pier light we dropped the anchor in 5 fathoms of water and gave her 45 fathoms of chain. Then we made the new towline fast to the chain and put a tackle on it to the mainmast in order to have something on the chain that would stretch and give. The sea was very deep and she some times put the whole jibboom under water. About 3 oclock the tug SHEBOYGAN came out and got our towline. We hove in the 30 fathom shackle and tried to unshackle the chain, but we could not. Then we pulled all our chain on deck but before we was thru with that the tug let go the line and went back in to harbour again. She started to leak and they could not handle her in the heavy sea. We made every thing ready for slipping the anchor and then hoisted the flag. The tug NIELSON came out again and got our line and we slipped our anchor with 60 fathoms of chain on it and was towed to Fschetasche's Tannery where we made fast about 6 oclock in the morning. The bark was very wet but the wind blowed hard and dry and the bark dried up so they started to unload about 9 oclock. They took the deckload

*********

Book Page 20

 

off today and a little from the hold. The wind blowed a gale the whole day and news came from Port Washington that the scow SILVER CLOUD capsized between that place and Sheboygan. She was loaded with lumber and cedar posts and started to leak so bad that they could not keep her with the pumps. The captain then went down in the cabin to see about his wife and child and while he was down there the scow capsized and drowned the three of them in the cabin. The other three sailors clung to the rigging and was saved.

In Sheboygan
Wednesday July 8, 1891

    The wind is north, strong and clear. In the morning they started the unloading again, and about 10 oclock it was all out of her. It was measured with the same old swindel.. and 8 foot pole... and found to be 72 3/4 cords. We laid alongside the dock until evening about 7 oclock when we handed our towline to FRED NIELSON who towed us down and stopped us alongside the dock near the Gooddrich Trans. dock. I went on board of the tug and we went out and looked for our boy that we had on the chain. We found it there alright, but there was quite a swell on yet and I made up my mind to stop inside until morning.

Leaving Sheboygan
Thursday July 9, 1891

    The wind is north, light and clear. At noon it changed to south and breezed a little.  At daylight I went and called the captain of the tug and he towed the MISHICOFF out to the anchor. We got hold of

*********

Book Page 21

 

the boy rope and pulled the chain through the hawse pipe, then we made our usual turns around the windless and hove it in. The tug let go the line and went back into harbour. We had our breakfast and after that we made canvas and hove our anchor up. The wind is very light and the weather is fine.  In the afternoon it breezed a little from the south and we expect to see Onekama tomorrow.

Arrival at Onekama
Friday July 10, 1891

    The wind is S W, light and clear. Towards noon it breezed up and the rest of the day it was strong S W breeze. At 12 oclock we entered the piers at Onekama and made fast to the R. R. dock. We started to load at 4 oclock and kept on until 6. Arrivals today is as follows, STEVENS, MISHICOFF, DAN NAYES, VERMONT, INDUSTRY, and PORTER.

In Onekama
Saturday July 11, 1891

    The Wind is south, strong and clear the whole day. In the morning we started to load and kept on the whole day, but we did not get loaded.

Sunday July 12, 1891

    The wind is south, strong and clear the whole day. Everything was still around Onekama, it looked like a city in Scotland, except around the Brookfield saloons, where Sunday and weekday is respected alike. I was to Stewarts and had my dinner and I was out on the farm and seen everything there in nice shape.

*********

Book Page 22

 

In Onekama
Monday July 13, 1891

    The wind is South, strong with squalls, thunder and lightning. We got loaded about 3 oclock in the afternoon, at the same time it started to rain and it keeps on until sunset. We could not do anything outside with a load of bark on and we made her fast for the night.

In Onekama
Tuesday July 14, 1891

    The wind is south, strong and clear. Towards sunset it came around to N W and breezed up too much for us to make Sheboygan, and I made up my mind to lay until morning.

Leaving Onekama
Wednesday July 15, 1891

    The wind is W N W, strong and clear. We had nothing to do outside, as we could only lay along the land. In the evening the wind died away and we towed out. We got the wind off the land and we stood up toward Big Point Sable but the wind was very light and nothing was made because we had some swell from the S W and we only drifted sideways.

On the Lake
Thursday July 16, 1891

The wind is South and S W, light and calm and some fog. During the night it was very little breeze and but little headway made. At 1 oclock I noticed a vessel on the port bow coming before the wind. I

*********

Book Page 23

 

could see her starboard light, but they made no sign of changing their course. I had to call Andrew and Stewart on deck. We showed our torch and blowed our fog horn but they did not port their helm before they were about 3 shiplengths from our bow, and they passed by our port side about a 150 distant. That is too close to pass a vessel and I told him so too, but no answer. When it is our place to give way we always should show in time what we was going to do, that is according to our rules, and no collision will ever happen by follow them.

In Onekama
September 1, 1891

    I have not been writing anything for a long time.  I have not had much to write about and I have been pretty busy, so I had no time, I will say that during the time since July 16th it has been nice summer weather, but I have made very slow time, only four trips. 1 have made two trips to Milwaukee and one to Sheboygan and now I am loading up with bark for Kenosha. I was loaded about 3 oclock in the afternoon today and in the evening I started out with the tug WALLACE. It was clear and nice weather but towards 12 oclock it clouded up from the S W and we had lightning, thunder and rain in mass. The bark is now pretty wet and I am afraid that it will mold for us before we get to Kenosha. The bark is now very cheap and the tanners in Wisconsin don't care much for it.

In Onekama
September 2, 1891

    I said on the other page about the weather last night. I must also say here that it was some of the

*********

Book Page 24

 

heaviest thunder and rain I ever saw, but we had no wind, which was a good thing because it is pretty hard to handle a vessel loaded with bark in heavy wind squalls. About daylight today it breezed up from south again and we gave her canvas and steered for Portage Lake. The swell was very large from S W and we made this harbour about 8 oclock this morning. We made her fast to the end of the pier inside and turned in. The DAN NAYES came in this morning too. The VERMONT is loading at Manistee for South Chicago. She is loading with pine lumber. I was with the lightkeeper and lighted up the light. It is a very nice light we have at Onekama harbour. It is a white structure on the end of north pier, it is burning with gasoline and very nice and clean.  There is also a lantern on the extreme end of the pier to show the range of piers. It is a fine lantern and will burn in any storm. It weighs about fifty pounds.

Thursday September 3, 1891
Leaving Onekama

    The wind is north, nice breeze and cloudy. In the morning we handed our line to the tug WALLACE, who towed us out to lake Michigan. We gave her all the canvas and she goes nicely about seven miles an hour.  In the afternoon the wind died away and about sunset we had very little of it, but the weather is clear and fine and we are looking for a nice day tomorrow. We can see Two Rivers light from the rigging and we can also see Sheboygan light.

*********

Book Page 25

 

Friday September 4, 1891
On the Lake

    The wind is north, light and clear. We have been sailing along the west shore the whole day and a number of vessels and steamboats has been in our company of which can be named, PETREL and CITY OF GRAND HAVEN. Last night was a fine one and so has the hole day been and the coming night looks to be a fine night. We are now about east from Racine Point Lighthouse and hope to be in Kenosha some time tonight.

Saturday September 5, 1891
Arrival at Kenosha

The wind is north, light and clear. We made Kenosha piers about twelve oclock last night, but the wind was too much to the westward and as I was not acquainted at the place I would not undertake to make the piers and I stood out and in until morning, when I sailed in about daylight. It is a fine day and Kenosha is a nice place to make. The piers is short and also narrow but there is about 13 feet of water and inside is plenty of room. With a north wind you can run her up to the north, and with a south wind you can run her up to the south after you get inside. Here is now 6 vessels ahead of me, vis: GILBERT KNAPP, 200 cords, IDA, 225 cords, ABBIE, 100 cords, G. ELLEN, 100 cords, BARBER, 100 cords, and the DAN NABS, 200 cords. I made the bargain with the company to lump the load at 70 cords, otherwise I would have been there 10 days before I ever could start to unload and I started to unload at noon and consider that I done the best for owner and vessel both.

*********

Book Page 26

 

Sunday September 6, 1891 
In Kenosha Port

    The wind is in the morning to the east and south, but in the afternoon it come to the north again, light and fine weather. Last night I went to Racine. I have many friends there and I was invited to go. I was there until Monday morning and we had good time together. It is a fine city and there is many skandinavians.

Monday September 7, 1891
In Kenosha Harbour

    The wind is north, light and fine weather. In the morning we started to unload and about 5 oclock in the afternoon we was unloaded. We had a very poor dock to unload at and the men was near to give up the job on account of the high dock, but I got them together and with some talking I made them keep on until they got her out. I wanted to get through the bridge tonight but I could not find the bridge tender. He was up to a picnic and it was what they call labour day, everybody was on their feet in the streets all over town and they did not care to have the bridge opened on account of that and the MISHICOFF had to stay inside until morning.

Tuesday September 8, 1891
Leaving Kenosha

    The wind is east, light and fine weather. In the morning about seven we hauled the vessel through the bridge at Kenosha and kept on hauling the vessel out to the end of the north pier, where the HENRY COWLES and the RAND was ahead of us. The wind was so much to the eastward that it was hard for us to get out, but at noon it hauled

*********

Book Page 27

 

about E S E, and we got outside and sailed up along the shore. About 8 oclock we were about 3 miles S E from Racine Point Light.

Wednesday September 9, 1891
On the Lake

    The wind is south, light and fine weather. We are going along very slow. At 8 oclock this morning we meet with Sheboygan Fishing boys, and at noon we made Little P. Sable. About 8 in the evening we was 3 miles west from Big P. Sable light. The weather is very fine and I hope we shall be at Onekama in the morning. The northern lights is making the night light and painting the north horizon with beautiful colors.

Thursday September 10, 1891
Arrival at Onekama

    The wind is east, light and fine morning. We made the piers at 1 oclock, the wind being right out from Portage Lake and so light that we could not get near enough to get a line ashore. We gave our towline to the tug WALLACE and he towed us up to R. R. dock where we started to load. It is a very warm and calm day. We took in about 20 cords of bark today.

Friday September 11, 1891
In Onekama Harbour

    The wind is slight, light and clear. In the morning we started to load again but we had very little help and did not do much. We filled the hull and put

*********

Book Page 28

 

some of the deckload on. Capt. Hans Hansen of the VERMONT was up from Manistee and told me that he was to load pine lumber for Racine, STEVENS, DAN NAYES, PORTER, HENRY COWLES, and C. L. TICK are in port. The two first mentioned left today.

Saturday September 12, 1891
In Onekama Harbour

    The wind is south, strong with rain showers. In the morning we started to load again and we had a pretty good crowd on so we was loaded at 2 oclock. We took the last bark Burmeister had and it made us a nice load. The bark is very dry but hardly any pieces is in it. Now we are all glad that we are thru with the bark season because bark and trouble follows like good chums. We made everything ready for the lake but did not go anywhere as the wind was from the southwest. The captain and crew from the HENRY COWLES was on board and spent the evening with us.

Sunday September 13, 1891
Leaving Onekama

    The whole night was a very fine one. Not a breath of wind and not a cloud to be seen. About 8 oclock in the morning it breezed up from the W N W with a nice breeze and DAN PADDEN got busy right off. First he took the PORTER out and then the A. L. TICK and about noon he towed out the MISHICOFF and HENRY COWLES together. We gave her all the canvas and she goes nice for Kenosha. In the afternoon the wind hauled more to the north and at 8 oclock Big P. Sable light was bear-

*********

Book Page 29

 

ing N E by north about 18 miles distance. We are all hoping to see Kenosha tomorrow.

Monday September 14, 1891
On the Lake

    The north wind died out at 12 last night. It was about calm until sunrise, then it breezed up a little from the S E. At noon the wind was south, good breeze and dark clouds to the N W. The weather did not look very good and we kept her off for Sheboygan where we got in about 4 oclock. It was blowing very hard and lightning and thunder and rain. The tug SHEBOYGAN took us in port and it is a very dirty night. Windbound vessels are:  SILVER LAKE, MINNIE HA HA, LUCY GRAHAM, NELLY CHURCH, MAGNOLIA, HATTIE EARL, HENRY COWLES, IRIS, LAURILL, MINNIE and ANNIE, and a couple more whose name I did not get.

Tuesday September 15, 1891
Leaving Sheboygan

    The wind is north, light and clear. In the morning the fleet started to tow out; about 8 oclock we towed out together with the HENRY COWLES. We had a heavy swell from S E which continually kept going down and the wind hauled slowly to the east ward. At 6 oclock in the evening we had Port Washington bearing west about 12 miles distant. The wind was then about east, light breeze and fine weather.

*********

Book Page 30

 

Wednesday September 16, 1891 
On the Lake

    The wind is S E and south, good breeze and clear. In the morning we was in Milwaukee bay, we had some swell from N E and we could not do anything beating so I made up my mind to go in to the breakwater at Milwaukee. We sailed in there and let go our anchor about 7 oclock in the morning. In the afternoon we had a strong breeze from S W which died out at sunset. It is very hot and close and the flies is on board by the thousands and spoil our comfort altogether. We have scraped down topmasts and fixed up other things about the rigging. In the evening the boys went ashore in the yawl and got some more provisions etc.

Thursday September 17, 1891
In Milwaukee breakwater

    The wind is S S W, it is blowing a gale from a clear sky. It is hazy looking around the horizon and very warm. Last night the wind was south, in was a very fine night with bright moonlight and stars. We scraped down our lower masts and tarred some of the rigging and also fixed up different things about the vessel to keep her in shape. A large number of vessels has left Milwaukee today and made use of this good breeze. Only one had come in lumber laden, and the J. V. JONES sailed in and made fast to the north pier. She is bound for Kenosha with bark. The CITY OF ERIE got to an anchor in the breakwater last night loaded with cedar posts, Port of Destination unknown. This breakwater is a good shelter from winds from south to N E through west, but from northeast to S E through east I would not

*********

Book Page 31

 

recommend it at the present situation.

Friday September 18, 1891
Leaving Milwaukee breakwater

    The wind is W S W, strong and clear. About 9 oclock in the morning we hove up the anchor and gave her the lower canvas and the jibs. She was going along good and the wind went down so we gave her everything. About noon the wind died out and it was calm the whole afternoon. We was lying between Milwaukee South Point and Racine Point. The sunset did not look any good. Heavy clouds was raising to the south and west and after sunset it was lightning heavy from south to west. It was very little wind and smooth water. The flies are so thick on board that we are suffering with their company and we have had a regular war today with them, in order to keep them out of the cabin, but we can not do anything with them, they are small but strong.

Saturday September 19, 1891
Arrival at Kenosha

    Last night was a very fine one. We had no wind only some swell from S E. In the morning we had a little breeze from the eastward and in the forenoon the wind was to the S W. At noon it breezed from the S E and cleared off a light fog which had been on the water the whole forenoon. It was very smooth and it breezed quite a little so the MISHICOFF made a nice headway and fetched up 4 miles to the north of Kenosha. We had WM. H. DUNHAM for a companion and we made a few tacks together, but she could beat faster than we could and she made Kenosha harbour about dark. We made the harbour at

*********

Book Page 32

 

half past nine. The wind was very light after sunset and it turned out a beautiful moonlight night.

Sunday September 20, 1891
At Kenosha harbour

    The wind is S W, strong and clear. Last night was a very fine one and in the daytime it is so warm that it has not been any warmer during the warmest part of summer. We are lying at the harbour outside the bridge and we have to wait until the JOHN W. JONES and WM. H. DUNHAM is unloaded. The G. ELLEN arrived here today and the schooner JOHNSON sailed out.

Monday September 21, 1891
In Kenosha Harbour

    The wind is south, light and clear. During the night it is blowing from the land and the night is very beautiful painted by moonshine. We are now waiting for dock to unload at, but it do not goes very fast with the unloading as they unload only one vessel at the time, Here is a nice little harbour at Kenosha but the piers is very narrow and the south pier is about 400 feet shorter than the north pier, which makes the harbour difficult to approach with strong gales from the north and east.

Tuesday September 22, 1891
In Kenosha Harbour

    The wind is south, light and very fine weather. It is very hot in the sun and it is said that it have not been as hot in the month of September for the last twenty years. We are still waiting for dock to

*********

Book Page 33

 

unload at and the time passes away slowly. All I can do is to go on board in the different vessels and have a talk. Captain Kittlesen of the G. ELLEN invited me to go with him to Racine and of course I accepted and went with him and had a good time. I had a good nights sleep in his home and enjoyed the day in full.

Wednesday September 23, 1891
In Kenosha harbour

    The wind is south, light and very hot, I came down from Racine at noon and find the MISHICOFF in the same old place waiting for turn to unload. I must make the story short today as I do not feel well.

Thursday September 24, 1891
In Kenosha Harbour

    The wind is south, light and clear and very warm. In the morning they started to unload, They are hauling the bark by teams to a place outside the town where they pile it up in long piles between 3-400 feet long. They are also hauling some of it to the mill where they grind it fine, ready for use. The vessel was empty about 5 oclock in the afternoon but the bark was not piled up and I had to wait until morning before I could get my settlement.

Friday September 25, 1891
Leaving Kenosha

    The wind is N W, light with some squally looking clouds to the westward in the forenoon. In the afternoon it was around to the eastward and variable. We got out pretty near to the pier end and

*********

Book Page 34


got a puff from north, which stopped us right there. After a little it died away and was calm for about four hours. About 12 oclock it breezed enough from the westward to get out and we let her go and she moved along very slowly until morning.

Saturday September 26, 1891
On the Lake

    The wind breezed a little from the S E in the morning and it has been foggy all morning. When it breezed the fog blew away, but it left a heavy smoke on the water which lasted the whole day. The wind was very light until evening and quite a swell from the eastward. Quite a lot of birds was flying around the vessel in the morning. They had lost the land was now left to the sky with nothing but water in sight. One came close up to the vessel but could not reach and fell in the water, but the mate sent the end of the pike pole to him and he clung to that and got safe on deck, where he fell asleep right off and sleeped for about one hour. What a lot of fine birds have to give their lifes to the waters of lake Michigan during every summer!

Sunday September 27, 1891
Arrival at Onekama

    The wind is south, strong and hazy. We had a good breeze last night and smooth water so we made Big Point Sable Light at 4 oclock in the morning. We was sailing along the shore until about 8 oclock when we handed our line to the tug WALLACE who towed us to Schroeder's pier where we made her fast and stripped her before noon. That is all we can do for this season. The freight is too small to make it

*********

Book Page 35

pay and the wages is going up all the time.

Monday September 28, 1891
At Onekama

    The wind is south, it is blowing a gale and very warm. Last night it was blowing very hard and it looks so as we will soon have a change. In the evening after sunset it came up with a squall from the westward, with rain, thunder and lightning and the wind started to blow from that direction very hard. I was not doing anything. The captain of the G. ELLEN was up here and made bargain with the carpenters here to haul out his vessel for repairs, and I also made bargain to help him out with the rigging.

Tuesday September 29, 1891

    The wind is west, it is blowing a gale from a clear sky. After dinner the wind commenced to go down and in the afternoon it got quite nice. The DAN NAYES, J W PORTER, and HENRY COWLES left port for Milwaukee.

Wednesday September 30, 1891                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

The wind is around again to the S E. It is blowing hard and clear. Last night was quite a cold night and the change of wind on Monday night also made a change in the climate. I am now on board here alone, waiting for the VERMONT to come along. I am going to put in the rest of the season in her.

*********

Book Page 36

 

Thursday October 1, 1891

    The wind is S E, strong and cloudy. Last night was a terrible one for some people. I woke up about 2 oclock and I could see through my cabin window that there must be a fire somewhat near by. I jumped out and seen Burmeister's store and Opera House all nearly burned down. When I got to the street I seen everything scattered all over the piers, there was furniture, dry goods, groceries, tinware, bed clothes, and almost everything you could think of was massed together around their piers. And the houses was left to the flames, without any kind of pumps to fight them with.  I got on the roof of the Central Hotel just in time to save it. It had started to burn a little but I got a few pails of water and that put the fire out and by keeping the side constantly wet we saved that building and also the rest of them on that side the street. 13 houses burned down, besides shanties and barns, Now it is all lying in ruins and there is hardly anything seen on the ground, it is all in ashes and all the houses that was standing there together was the nicest in this end of the town and it therefore makes this end look very blue and empty. I have been helping Burmeister to move all his goods into Jenkin's old store and they are going to live upstairs. There has nobody been living there for some time and the house is all out of order and make a great change for the Burmeister family.

Friday October 2, 1891

    The wind is south, strong and clear. I have not done much today of anything. I have heard from the VERMONT that she is in Milwaukee windbound and

*********

Book Page 37

 

it seems so as it is going to be long time before she comes back. The STEVENS got here last night and today she is unloading 200 bushels of oats that belongs to Burmeister. She is loading up for Milwaukee with wood and slab.

Saturday October 3, 1891

    The wind is south, strong and cloudy. In the afternoon it cleared up a little about one hour, but after that it set in with fine rain like fog and the wind died out. Near sunset it breezed up from north with rain squalls and thick weather. It looks to be a dirty night. I moved the MISHICOFF around to the other side of the pier.

Sunday October 4, 1891

    The wind is north, strong breeze with heavy clouds and rain.  Everything is very still around here and everybody is in their homes on account of the rain.

Monday October 5, 1891

    Nothing has been going on that is worth mentioning. The wind is from north, light and cooler weather.

Tuesday October 6, 1891

    It is almost calm and fine weather. I moved the vessel from Schroeder's pier to the Chamberlain's pier in order to have her out of the way for other vessels. We had a meeting at Mr. James Nielsen.

*********

Book Page 38

 

The Rev. Hansen from Manistee Me. Church was up here, but it was only a few that attended. 

Wednesday October 7, 1891

    The wind is N E, strong with squalls, some main and hail, I went to Manistee in the morning and reported the MISCHICOFF, and also looking for a load for the VERMONT, but without success.

Thursday October 8, 1891

    The wind is N W, strong and clear in the afternoon; in the forenoon it was nearly calm and cloudy. I have been on board the vessel and made a place for the sails down in the hold, so they can be kept dry all winter. They will be lying there all winter because there is no warehouse on shore to put them in.

Friday October 9, 1891

    The wind is S W, light and fine weather. The scow PORTER arrived about 4 oclock in the afternoon and started to load wood for Milwaukee.

Saturday October 10, 1891

    The wind is SW, light and clear, but at sunset it clouded up from the north and started to blow hard from that direction. The STEVENS and DAN NAYES is in. I was loading on the NAYES the whole day from 9 oclock A. M. until 6 P. M. Then she was loaded and she went right out for a strong north wind.

*********

 

*********

Book Page 39

Sunday October 11, 1891

    The wind is N E, strong and clear. I was to church in the forenoon, seen a funeral... a little boy about 1 year old that died a couple days ago. In the afternoon I was out to the Onekama mineral springs and in the evening I had a little sailing trip.

Monday October 12, 1891

    The wind is east, strong and cold weather. I was in the forenoon informed by Mr. Stewart that the VERMONT was in Manistee and I packed up all my things ready for going to Manistee in the evening, but I changed my mind to stop until next morning. I was inquiring for freight for the VERMONT but there was nothing at present and I spent the evening with Mr. H. Hansen and went to bed in the MISHICOFF for the last time this year.

Tuesday October 13, 1891

    The wind is S E, strong and cloudy. In the morning 10 oclock I went to Manistee with the intention to go on the VERMONT to work. I got there about noon and started to work in the lumber pile. She was to Hooke and Nelson's Mill and loaded with rock elm lumber for Racine. We did not get much on today.

Wednesday October 14, 1891

    The wind is S W, blowing a gale with rain and squalls. We have been keeping on loading all day until half past four when we was loaded and shortly

*********

Book Page 40

 

after we handed our towline to the tug RUBY who towed us to S. Sims Mill where we made her fast for the night. We expect a rough night and will enjoy it in port.

Thursday October 15, 1891

    The wind is W N W, strong and clear. In the morning we fixed up around the deck, and after that we went downtown and bought some groceries and etc. In the afternoon we handed our towline to the tug ANNIE SMITH, who towed us down to the piers. Our intention was to go out but we found the wind too much to the westward, which made us stop inside.

Friday October 16, 1891

    The wind is S W, strong and clear. We could not do anything outside and we fixed up our main sail, and did little things around the deck. I went out on the pier in the afternoon and I tell you they was fishing some nice herrings out there, some of them went home with dozens of them. They have lengthened the north pier now here about 200 feet. It is now about 150 feet longer than the south pier and makes it good to enter with south westerly winds, but all the worse with north westerly winds.

Saturday October 17, 1891

    The wind is S E, it is blowing a gale with rain and thick weather. We are still lying alongside the piers at Manistee and it looks like bad weather, so we do not expect to get out of her soon. JENNY MULLEN, EMERLINE, ISOLDA BOCK, WM.

********

Book Page 41

 

CHAPMAN, A. M. AVERY, CALEDONIA, VERMONT, and ARUNDAL is the vessels that is lying here windbound. We can't do anything because it is too wet. All we can do is go from one to another and talk, telling storys to each other and talk about former days.

Sunday October 18, 1891
In Manistee

    Last night the wind hauled around to the west ward and this morning it is N W. It is blowing a gale with heavy rain squalls, and the sea in the lake is very deep. Nothing can get out of here. The ISABELLA SANDS was about four miles to southwest on this place this afternoon, but no tug could get out after her and he had to keep her off for Ludington. Hansen and Olsen went to Onekama this forenoon and got back this afternoon. It is blowing very heavy from N W.

Monday October 19, 1891
Leaving Manistee

    The wind is north, storm and rain. We could not get out in the morning on account of the heavy swell between piers. We made up our mind not to get out before evening. In the afternoon the sea run down some and in the evening the weather was quite moderate. We handed our towline to the tug FRANC K CANFIELD who towed us to lake. We gave her all the canvas and she went good headway until 12 oclock when the wind commenced to go down.

*********

Book Page 42

 

Tuesday October 20, 1891
On the Lake

    Last night was a very fine one, and so is this morning and the whole day. At noon the wind hauled to the S W and S E and died out and the sea has gone down so it is quite calm. We are now beating between Port Washington and Milwaukee. We have two bird passengers on board. They are cold and hungry and have nothing to pay their fare with.

Wednesday October 21, 1891
Arrival at Racine

    The wind breezed up last night about 2 oclock from north. This morning it is blowing a gale and at 5 oclock we have the vessel in the wind so as to stop her getting in before daylight. At 6 oclock we kept off again and about seven we handed our towline to the tug E GILLEN who landed us outside the bridge, and after bridge twice towed us up the river to Mitchell dock, where we made her fast. We did not get any gang to unload today... we got a gang but they could not come before morning.

Thursday October 22, 1891
In Racine Harbour

    The wind is north, it is blowing a gale and high sea. We started to unload in the morning but we had only 3 men and could only get off the deckload. The dock room is poor and it goes very slow to unload.

*********

Book Page 43

 

Friday October 23, 1891
Leaving Racine

    The wind is west, strong and clear. In the morning they started to unload again and about 3 oclock in the afternoon she was unloaded.  We then towed right out to lake and gave her all the canvas. The wind died out all the time and at sunset it was all gone. We had quite a swell from south and she was rolling heavy.

Saturday October 24, 1891
On the Lake

    The wind is easterly, light and nice weather. We are going along a little and hoping to see Manistee tomorrow. We can't head for Manistee yet but in the afternoon the wind came to the N E and we stood in toward the east shore and made Little Point Sable about 7 oclock. The wind then came to the eastward again and we came about and could head about north. About 10 oclock we could head N E and later on we could head east and made Big Point Sable at about 12 oclock.

Friday October 25, 1891
Arrival at Manistee

    The wind is south, strong and clear. About 3 oclock in the morning we handed our towline to the tug WHEELER who put us astern of the schooner TYLOR and towed the both of us to Manistee, where we made fast on the south side of the pier. Hans and Andrew went to Onekama and I took it easy on board all day.

*********

Book Page 44

 

Monday October 26, 1891
In Manistee

    In the morning the wind came from the north, light, but increasing all the time until the afternoon when it was blowing a gale with rain squalls and a heavy sea. We was lying down to piers and the captain was hunting for freight but did not get any today. The cooper shop of Mr. Ganfield caught fire about 11 oclock in the forenoon and burned to the ground, but nothing else was damaged.

Tuesday October 27, 1891
In Manistee

    The wind is north, last night it was blowing a heavy storm with rain and hail. It is yet blowing hard but moderating all the time. About 10 oclock in the forenoon we handed our towline to the tug OSGOOD who towed us to the Ganfield mill in the lake. We was going to load there with hemlock lumber for Milwaukee. We started to load right off, but did not get the hull full today.

Wednesday October 28, 1891
In Manistee

    The wind is south, strong and cloudy. In the morning we started to load again. We had 3 men to help us to load but at noon we paid them off and put on the rest of cargo ourselves. About 3 oclock in the afternoon we was loaded and about 6 we gave our line to the tug OSGOOD who put us to the dock belonging to the F & P M Co. between the two bridges.

*********

Book Page 45

Thursday October 29. 1891
In Manistee

    The wind is south, strong and cloudy. We are now lying all ready to go out and have nothing to do but going around town and down to to piers to look at the weather.  The move of the wind and weather is subject to many a different opinions among sailors.

Friday October 30, 1891
In Manistee

    The wind Is S W, strong and clear. Quite a number of vessels are now lying at the mouth of the harbour and waiting for fine weather.

Saturday October 31, 1891
In Manistee

    The wind is more to the westward today and cloudy. It is blowing strong and the swell is making outside. All the vessels in Manistee is about ready to go out.

Sunday November 1, 1891
Leaving Manistee

    The wind is N W, strong and with snow squalls. After noon it cleared off and the fleet started to go out.  The steam barges first and the schooners. We made a break about 4 oclock and gave our line to the tug WHEELER. We gave her the lower canvas and raffy and she was going along nicely.

*********

Book Page 46

 

Monday November 2, 1891
On the Lake

The wind is westerly and S W. It has already died out so that it is just a light breeze and she is going along with the swell a couple of miles an hour, but we do not get to Milwaukee today. In the evening about sunset Port Washington bears W N W about 10 miles distant.

Tuesday November 3, 1891
Arrival at Milwaukee

    During the night the wind breezed up a little and we sailed along the shore and made Milwaukee about 3 oclock in the morning. We gave our line to the tug STARKE who towed us in to Milwaukee harbour. We made her fast to the dock of Faist Kraus and Co. and laid there until about 8 oclock when we was towed by the tug SIMPSON to the dock of Simonsen, Clasen & Young where we started to unload about noon. We got the deckload off today and a start in the hold.

Wednesday November 4, 1891
Leaving Milwaukee

    The wind is S W, light and hazy. We got un loaded about 2 oclock in the afternoon. Then we took on board 30 bbls kerosene and doors, windows etc. for a new building at Onekama. About 4 oclock we gave our towline to the tug CARL who towed us to Lake Michigan. We gave her all the canvas and she is sliding nicely along the shore, but at sunset it calmed down and rained a little.

*********

Book Page 47

 

Thursday November 5, 1891
On the Lake

    About 12 oclock last night the wind chopped around to the north, strong breeze and clear. We had to take in topsails and raffy and in the morning we kept her off again for Milwaukee. Coming under the shore the weather seems more moderate and we have her to again. At noon we gave her the light sails again and kept beating until dark when it was nearly calm.

Friday November 6, 1891
Arrival at Onekama

    About 12 oclock last night the wind breezed up from the south, strong breeze, cloudy and a growing sea. We steered N E by E, but 6 oclock in the morning we steered east until about half past nine when we made Big P. Sable bearing east 2 miles distant.  It is very hazy and the land can only be seen a short distant. About 12 oclock we made Portage Lake. The schooner STEVENS was making the harbour a little ways head of us and struck the south side of the channel. We came along after him and struck on the north side of the channel. There we both stood on the ground hard until the tug WALLACE came along from Manistee and took us both in one tow up the lake to the company dock where we made fast and unloaded what little backfreight we had and also made a start to load.

Saturday November 7. 1891
In Onekama

    The wind is south, strong with rain and thick

*********

Book Page 48

 

weather. We started to load in the morning and was loaded about 6 oclock in the evening. The weather was not favorable and we laid to the dock.

Sunday November 8, 1891
In Onekama

    We have no wind today, but we have a little rain and foggy weather.

Monday November 9, 1891
In Onekama

    The wind is north, light with constant rain all day. We did not go out on account of the thick weather.

Tuesday November 10, 1891
In Onekama

    The wind is north, light and foggy and rain. In the forenoon we sailed down the channel for the foresail.

Wednesday November 11, 1891
In Onekama

    Last night at twelve the wind came around to W N W and blew pretty hard for a while, but went down gradually as it backed up to the S W, which point it was from in the morning. During the day it backed up to the south and we did not see any change to go out.

*********

Book Page 49

 

Thursday November 12, 1891
In Onekama

    (This entry in the diary is written in Norwegian.)


Friday November 13, 1891
In Onekama

    The wind is west, strong and cold with snow and hail. There is no change to get out and we are tying in good harbour and have a warm cabin with a canary bird to sing us a song now and then.

Saturday November 14, 1891
Leaving Onekama

    The wind is west, it is dying out and in the afternoon it was about calm. The sea in the channel had also gone down and about 4 oclock we gave our line to the tug WALLACE, who towed us outside. We got the wind about S E after sunset and went along the shore nicely. At 12 oclock we passed Big P. Saok.


Sunday November 15, 1891
Arrival at Sheboygan

    Last night we had full moon with a large circle around It, and dark clouds to the S W that looked like ink. The wind was S E and it was breezing up little by little. About 4 oclock we started to steer S W by W for Sheboygan. The wind was increasing all the time. At daylight we had the raffy and light canvas in, and about 9 oclock we made the W shore, Sheboygan bearing about W ten miles distant.  We sailed into Sheboygan about 10 and made fast along-

*********

Book Page 50


side the PORTER. The wind was increasing to a gale and the sea was rolling more heavy all the time. The STEVENS came in about 3 oclock in the afternoon and the sea between the piers was then pretty heavy. About 4 oclock the ACTIVE came sailing in, and as she entered the piers the waves rolled over her pretty hard. She had her yawl smashed and most of her deckload went between the piers and she came into harbour in a very bad shape. In the evening about sundown we had to transfer up the river further on account of the surf from the lake was too heavy so we hurted our lines too much. Now we are lying to a good dock and it is raining very heavy and blowing hard. It is queer to see when vessels enter these harbours in a gale. The ACTIVE today was pretty near gone. The sea washed right over her and she touched the bottom and lost her steerage and was drifted in by the wind and sea.

Monday November 16, 1891
Leaving Sheboygan

    The wind is west, nice breeze and cloudy. About 9 oclock in the morning we gave our towline to the tug SHEBOYGAN who towed us out to lake. We gave her all the canvas and she is going fine along the shore.  About 7 oclock in the evening we gave our line to the tug SIMPSON who towed us in to Milwaukee harbour and we made her fast alongside Angus Smitt's elevator docks until morning.

Tuesday November 17, 1891
In Milwaukee

    The wind is west, it is blowing a gale and very

*********

Book Page 51

 

cold. Every vessel coming in today is all ice and good many sailors have been suffering during last night and today. About oclock in the morning we gave our line to the MERRIL who towed us up to John Schroeder's south side lumber yard where we made her fast and started to unload at one P M. At four they nocked off on account of the cold. The lumber inspectors could not work any longer.

Wednesday November 18, 1891
In Milwaukee

    The wind is N W, strong and clear and very cold. In the morning they started to unload again and about 2 oclock in the afternoon we was unloaded. Half an hour after we gave our line to tug CARL who towed us to Brydens dock where we made our joist outside the schooner IDA E. OLSEN. We could not get anything on board as we could not get to the dock.


Thursday November 19, 1891
In Milwaukee

    The wind is S W, strong and cloudy. In the morning the tug CARL got the line from the IDA E. OLSEN in order to transfer her but she was hard aground and he could not get her afloat. Then we gave him the line and he took us to F. Iraus & Co dock where we started to take in feed and groceries.

*********

Book Page 52

Friday November 20, 1891
In Milwaukee

    The wind is south, strong and cloudy, sometimes clear. In the morning we started to take in groceries. It was hauled alongside the vessel by team from the different wholesale houses it was ordered from. We had all we could do the whole day, and in the evening we had the vessel full and a lot of barrel goods on deck.

Saturday November 21, 1891
In Milwaukee

    The wind is south, strong and rain. We washed down the vessel and made her ready for the lake. The tug KNIGHT TEMPLAR was lying alongside of us and we got his hose and warm water from the boiler which gave her a good washing down.

Friday January 1, 1892

    I have not been written any for a long time. We had quite a long stay of it in Milwaukee on account of all the bad weather. We did not leave there before Sunday the 29th of November in the evening about 8 oclock. The wind was west just as clear as a bell and strong. We would not risk to go into Onekama and went into Manistee about noon the next day, November 30th. On the 2nd of December we towed out from Manistee, the wind was then S W, fine weather. We got in to Onekama about noon and it was just as much as we could do to get in there. There is very little water now. The tug got hold of us inside and towed us through 2 inches of ice up to the G L Co. dock, where we made fast and

*********

Book Page 53

 

and unloaded the back freight, but left some of it that that belonged C Burmeister. And on Monday the 8th we sailed her up to Schroeder's pier for bare
polls. All the ice was gone away then and the weather was very fine all the month of December The lake did not freeze up until between Christmas and New Year, and today we have no snow on the ground.

Saturday January 9, 1892

    Happy New Year. This week has been very rough. It started to rain on new year day and kept on that whole day, but the next day it turned in to snow and has kept on snowing the whole day and also the whole week. Monday, the fourth, was the first sleighing and that has kept on. We have now about 15 inches of snow and today it is a regular blizzard or snowstorm. They have been hauling logs and wood the whole week. Chas. Nitting died yesterday morning. He'd been suffering from consumption for quite a while.

Saturday January 16, 1892

    We have had a dark week since I wrote. The snow has been coming down daily, but not very heavy. Today it is blowing pretty hard from S E but it do not snow any, it feels more like rain. The logs and wood are coming in very fast but none of the mills are started up yet and it do not look like a start either. I am taking it very easy and expect to do so during this and next month. Nothing is going on here, it is rather quiet, with the exception of Masqueballs and all other kinds of balls. A meeting was held on Monday eve, about getting the en-

*********

Book Page 54

 

trance to our harbour dredged out and fixed up for a Harbour of Refuge.  We K. O. T. N. also had a meeting about building a hall, which was decided and most of the members will give work.

Friday April 1, 1892

    It is now over two months since I wrote in this book. Now our dark long winter has passed by for this time, and today we have a fine warm S E breeze which gives the ice at our little lake a good start and it looks so as it will not take long before we shall see the open water again. I have not done much this winter. I don't know why, but I believe that I was put back considerable on account of sickness. On the 28th January I started to recut the foresail belonging to the G ELLEN. I worked 3/4 that day. The 29th and 30th I was working on the vessel as a labor . I caught the La Grippe during them three days and was confined to the house until February the 22nd, when I started to fit the rigging on the G ELLEN. I was working 11 1/2 days at her altogether, and I also had 4 1/4 days on the DAN NAYES during the month of March. On the 27th day of March I started to work on the VERMONT. Hans and myself put in a new pallpit and also put in a new figurehead. We took the carpenters from the shipyard to help us on the first of April. On Monday the 28th of March the mill started to run, and they have got a good many logs. I think they have enough to make them run all summer. In the night between the 15th & 16th of March the Glen House burned to the ground and about half of the furniture went with it. It was a fine still night. The moon and stars was shining bright, and a light breeze was carrying the smoke very slowly to the

*********

Book Page 55

 

westward, when the flames was busy consuming the prettyest building in our little village.  About 3 hours it took the flames to destroy a building that half a dozen men could not put up in 3 weeks.  Sunday the 27th of March I was a trip out to the channel together with H. Hansen, M. E. Hansen, O. A. Olsen and B. Kittelsen. We went out there to see abort the dept of the water in the channel. We found it to be about six feet, but the piers is in very bad condition. Yes, I will say that the north pier is almost broke down.

Saturday April 2, 1892

    The wind is about S W today, very strong breeze and some what cooler than it was yesterday. In the afternoon the wind increased to a storm and all the ice was pressed over to the Onekama side and broke all to pieces. We did not do anything to day on account of the heavy gale. The G ELLEN is now ready for the lake and I guess she will be out of here with the first good wind.

Sunday April 3, 1892

    The wind is about west, very light breeze and clear. The sun is shining bright and it is warm and nice. It shows plainly that spring is coming early this season, and people here can't remember that the ice has gone out of the lake so early as it has gone this year. Today there is only a little bit of it left on the shore from the Glen House grounds to the mill. I was to church in the forenoon and heard Mr. Scott preaching. In the afternoon I was over to a friend of mine and spent the evening.

*********

Book Page 56

Monday April 4, 1892

    Well! Well! Was it not raining last night? I should say it was, and blowing. I think it blew very hard. The above is about what two men would salute each other with this morning when they meet. I got up this morning and it was raining hard, but towards 9 oclock it cleared up and we had a nice day. We was working on the VERMONT in the afternoon, and also part of the forenoon. She was lying across the end of the Schroeder pier, but we had to move her around the corner in order to give the carpenters a chance to work on the stem. It has been blowing hard all day from south and the sunset was very faded and wet looking. I expect a wet night.  Between supper and bedtime I heard some very nice pieces. How wonderful it is getting to be in the commonwealth of letters, and what a powerful brains some people have, and what a talent some have, to learn from the literature and speak the same to others.

Tuesday April 5, 1892

    The wind is S W.  It is blowing a gale and overclouded, no sun to be seen the whole day, cold and unpleasant all night and all day.  I was most of the time on the VERMONT. The carpenters was working all day, but Jacobsen was only working in the forenoon. The schooner GUIDO is at the channel, bound for Pierport at her first trip.

Wednesday April 6, 1892

    The wind is west, light and cloudy. I have been working on the VERMONT all day. The carpenters

*********

Book Page 57

 

have the stem ready, and we put in the bowsprit again. The G. ELLEN was transferred by the tug WALLACE to the first pier from Gilbert's mill, where she is going to load wood for the O. L. Co. at $1.75 per cord. The crew is now on board of the DAN HAYES fitting her out. The sunset was nice tonight, clear and red. The wind is backing up to the S E with a light steady breeze.

Thursday April 7, 1892

    The wind is west, light and clear. It is a fine day. The birds is singing so nice, and the hills and gardens are getting green and spread the fragrance over the land and by seeing this I feel like bid the summer welcome. I have been on the VERMONT the whole day and will not get ready there this week. The GUIDO sailed to Pierport this afternoon.

Friday April 8, 1892

    The wind is north, strong and cold. At noon it begin to snow, and it kept on the whole afternoon. The carpenters was ready at noon today, but the deck is about half caulked. The DAN HAYES was transferred to the lumber pile and made ready for loading. The G. ELLEN is now ready to go out, she has got about 40 cords on, and her draught is 6 feet.  That is all the capt. will put in her in order to get safely out through the channel.

Saturday April 9, 1892

    The wind is N W, strong and snow, it looks more like a winter day than a day of April. I did

*********

Book Page 58

 

not do anything the whole day. In the Morning I went to a surprise party at Mr. Rasmussen and had a very good time until about eleven in the evening when we all parted. We passed the time with games, recitations and songs. I will copy one of the songs here in Norwegian.

Sunday April 10, 1892

    The wind is north, strong and snow in the forenoon. In the afternoon it cleared off and turned to be a beautiful evening. I was to church in the forenoon and in the afternoon I was out for a walk. The Rev. Younker preached his last sermon today. He has now been here for two years and like to have a change.

Monday April 11, 1892

    The wind is north, strong and clear and also pretty cold. I was on board the VERMONT the whole day.  The G. ELLEN had sailed down to the channel last night. She laid there the whole day.

Tuesday April 12, 1892

    The wind is N W, strong and cold. I was on board the VERMONT the whole day. The DAN HAYES towed out on her first trip. She was not loaded down. Draught of water only about 6 feet.

Wednesday April 13, 1892

    The wind is west in the forenoon, in the afternoon it is about S E, cloudy and milder weather. I was on the VERMONT the whole day. Jakobsen is

*********

Book Page 59

 

now ready caulking the decks. I fixed up the main sail.

Thursday April 14, 1892

    The wind is north, strong and cloudy. I have been on the VERMONT the whole day setting up the headgears etc. Jakobsen is ready with the caulking.

Friday April 15, 1892

    The wind is north, strong and fine weather.  I went to Manistee in the morning to secure papers for the schooner VERMONT and clearings for the MISHICOFF. The vessels is all in full blast, and business have got the spring coat on all over in Manistee.

Saturday April 16, 1892

    The wind is north, light and clear, fine weather. I was on board the VERMONT all day mending sails.  The scow LAURINA came in about noon for a load of wood and went out again about 8 oclock in tow with the tug WALLACE. This is Easter eve.

Sunday April 17, 1892

    The wind is north, light and fine weather. DAN HAYES came in about noon. I spent the day by walking around and see my friends.

Monday April 18, 1892

    The wind is north, strong and fine weather. I

*********

Book Page 60

 

was on the VERMONT the whole day fitting out. In the morning we sailed down to the C. L. Co. and dropped our anchor outside the mill. The DAN HAYES loaded up with hemlock and towed out in the morning.

Tuesday April 19, 1892

    The wind is north, light and fine weather. The VERMONT is ready for loading, but the mill broke down and they are waiting for a telegram. They got a telegram that there was no place for hard wood lumber, so we started at noon to load with hardwood slabs in the hull and hemlock do on deck.

Wednesday April 20, 1892

    The wind is to the east all day, strong and cloudy. We started to load in the morning, but had to stop about eleven, to pump her out, she is leaking badly, but in the evening she was considerable better. She had been lying too long in the sun and wind. That's why she is leak. Rasmussen and Jakobsen left for Manistee. Bill: $47.50, that is for work and pitch.

Thursday April 21, 1892

    The wind is east, light and heavy rain in the forenoon, in the afternoon foggy, and by sunset the wind changed to S W and cleared off a little. We started to load at one oclock and was loaded about five. She has got on about 78 cords of slabs and her draught is about 7 feet.

*********

*********

Book Page 61

Friday April 22, 1892

    The wind is about west, light and clear. The VERMONT towed out about 7 oclock in the forenoon. In the afternoon I started to fit out the MISHICOFF. In the morning they started to load her with brick for Herring Lake pier. The brick belonging to Wm. Klein.

Saturday April 23, 1892

    The wind is north, strong and cold. I was on the MISHICOFF the whole day. She have now 20,000 of brick on, and is ready for leaving. The EMMA NIELSEN, WALISKA and DAN HAYES is in port. The DAN HAYES towed to the piers this evening.

Sunday April 24, 1892

    The wind is north, strong and cold. About 9 oclock in the morning we started out with the MISHICOFF, in tow of the WALLACE; it was nice and smooth outside, so we made pretty good time. We got to the pier a little after noon; they started to unload the brick about one; and about five we started from the pier for Onekama.  The Herring Lake Pier was built last summer.  It is a nice pier about 10 feet high and from 9 to 14 feet of water along the loading space of it. It is situated about 4 miles south of Frankforth harbour.  The Herring Lake is a nice little lake about 12 rods from the beach of Lake Michigan. It is nearly round except the west part of it having a point going into it forming it about like this (sketched). They are putting up a large mill there and will also lay out a railroad.

*********

Book Page 62

 

Mr. Hale are the owner and manager of the place, and intends to do a large business there. We made fast to Schroeder's pier about half past seven and went to our houses for a good sleep.

Monday April 25, 1892

    The wind is north, light and clear. I was tending to the grain department of Burmeister's store the whole day.

Tuesday April 26, 1892

    The wind is east, light and cloudy. I was on the MISHICOFF the whole day. We got one wagon load of potatoes in the evening. I attended the Maccabee meeting in the evening, and initiated Mr. Pool.

Wednesday April 27, 1892

    The wind is S E, strong and rain squalls. I got on board about 100 bushels of potatoes now, The VERMONT, STEVENS, DAN HAYES and GUIDO came in port today. In the evening I made a trade with Mr. Burmeister on the scow MISHICOFF and my half interest in the VERMONT.  I gave him about 200 dollars in the bargain and now I got a comfortable vessel alone.

Thursday April 28, 1892

    The wind is west, strong and clear. In the morning I went to Manistee and had the papers made out for the MISHICOFF.

*********

Book Page 63

Friday April 29, 1892

    Light northerly wind and fine weather. I moved on board and looked after the loading. The farmers is bringing potatoes down to the vessel and we are trying to load her up that way.

Saturday April 30, 1892

    The wind is north, light and fine weather. About 200 bushels of potatoes have I received today.

Sunday April 1, 1892

    It is a fine day.

Monday May 2, 1892

    The potatoes is coming in slow.

Tuesday May 3, 1892

    The wind is to the south, good breeze and cloudy. We are getting in the potatoes slowly.

Wednesday May 4, 1892

    Ditto

Wednesday May 11, 1892

    It is now about a week since I wrote anything.  The wind today is N E with rain and thick weather.  We have now in about 2300 bushels of potatoes and can't wait for any more. In the afternoon about 5 oclock we handed our towline to tug WALLACE

*********

Book Page 64

 

and towed down to channel when we stopped for about one hour, waiting for it should clear up, which it did and we made a start for Chicago with a nice north wind.

Thursday May 12, 1892

    The wind is north, light and fine weather. In the evening we was about 20 miles east from Milwaukee and it was then nearly calm.

Friday May 13, 1892

    The wind is east, light and rainy, foggy in the afternoon. The water is very smooth and she goes about 4 miles per hour. About 4 oclock in the afternoon I think we was abreast of Groos Point but we could not see anything. About 10 oclock it cleared off and we could see Chicago. We was then hove to, we kept her off for the city and went to an anchor in the inner harbour about 12 oclock.

Saturday May 14, 1892

    The wind is north, light and foggy. In the morning I went on shore and found Mr. Market's store he was not there, so I went back, got a little H tug who took the MISHICOFF to the Ill. Central slip where we made her fast and unloaded about 250 bushels of potatoes. They are in good demand and I expect a quick dispatch.

Sunday May 15, 1892

    The wind is south, nice breeze and cloudy. In the afternoon I went out to the World's Fair grounds

*********

Book Page 65

 

at Jackson Park. They are working hard to get it all ready and it is going to be the grandest work the world ever saw. The building is low, two and three stories, but they have an enormous breath and length.

Monday May 16, 1892

    The wind is light and variable, with thunder clouds and hot sun. We unloaded about 700 bushels.

Tuesday May 17, 1892

    The wind is S E, good breeze and cloudy. We took out about 1000 bushels. The vessels is going out and in all day in large numbers.

Wednesday May 18, 1892

    The wind is S E, strong and heavy rain in the morning. In the afternoon it cleared up and blowed hard with thunder squalls. About 11 oclock we was unloaded and it was all weighed and found to be 2186 bushels and 25 lbs. I was to go out in the afternoon, but the storm signals was up, and it looks bad in the clouds, so I changed my mind to stay in until weather had settled. It is blowing hard from S E with heavy rain squalls.

Thursday May 19, 1892

    The wind is south, light with heavy rain. About 7 oclock in the morning we towed out and give her all the canvas, the weather was thick and dirty so I soon lost sight of land, but she slided along slow because the wind was light. About 9 oclock the wind

*********

Book Page 66

 

died out to a calm, and about a half an hour afterward it breezed up from the N W. Then I went about and stood toward shore. The wind backed up towards the west and started to blow hard, we had to take in the light canvas and slack the throats on the lower canvas, and if it had increased more we would have lost the harbour. We got a tug, who took us in to Rathburne & Co. slip where we made her fast. It is now blowing a severe storm.

Friday May 20, 1892

    The wind is S W, strong and squally. About 12 oclock we gave her the foresail and sailed out from Chicago harbour. It is a good breeze, but in the afternoon about sunset it died out and came from S E. It backed slowly up towards north and we are heading for Racine.

Saturday May 21, 1892

    The wind is north, light and clear weather. About 6 oclock in the morning we went about outside Racine and we are sailing about N E with a light wind. A good many vessels is in our vicinity and the Chicago tugs is busy picking up a long tow, one of them have now a string of six large vessels. We stood under the shore and made Grand Haven lights at dark. We laid out there beating but did not make anything.

Sunday May 22, 1892

    The wind is north, strong and squally. About 2 oclock in the afternoon we kept her off for Grand Haven. The squalls was too hard and the swell too

*********

Book Page 67

 

big, so we could not do anything and I thought it was best to take harbour. I went up town in Grand Haven and looked around. It is a nice little town, there is nice streets, with shade trees all along on both sides, and there is some fine dwellings. There is about a dozen churches, and some of them is good size, and there is some fine gardening going on. I passed by some hot houses as I was going along the street, and I looking through the windows I seen the finest lot of flowers that the nature could represent. There was everything that a person could imagine in the line of flowers, and I shall never forget the different kinds of beautiful lillies that was there. After taking it all in I went on board and turned in.

Monday May 23, 1892

    The wind is north, light and fine weather. We fixed up the vessel's sails and rigging. In the evening, about sunset, the wind came around to the S. W. We made the sails and sailed out, it is a nice breeze and the MISHICOFF goes good along the shore.

Tuesday May 24, 1892

    The wind is south, strong and clear. About 8 oclock in the morning we was abreast of Big P. Sable and at 10 we entered the piers at Portage Lake. We sailed up and anchored outside the O. L. Co., but at 1 oclock we lifted the anchor and sailed to Schroeder's pier, where we started to load wood at half past three. We had nearly the hull full at 6 oclock.

*********

Book Page 68

Wednesday May 25, 1892

    The wind is S W, strong and clear, about sunset we got a heavy squall from the westward. We was loaded at noon. I had to go to Manistee and see about the vessel's papers. I got them all to the custom house.

Thursday May 26, 1892

    The wind is west, light and cloudy. I could not see any chance to go out, so we commenced to scrape and scraped her down today. In the evening about 4 the wind came around to north and we gave our towline to the tug WALLACE who towed us to Lake Michigan. We gave her all the canvas and steered for Milwaukee with a nice breeze.

Friday May 27, 1892

    The wind is north, light and clear in the after noon, and evening it was calm. We was about off Port Washington at sunset.

Saturday May 28, 1892

    During the night it was a little wind and from all directions. About six in the morning it breezed from the S E. We steered by the wind and headed for Milwaukee. It breezed up strong and the swell was making, but we fetched into Milwaukee about 2 oclock. I went to Plathner and found out that the wood was sold to B. York & Son. The tug CARL took us up there after 6 oclock and we made her fast. It is in Green Bay Canal.

*********

Book Page 69

Sunday May 29, 1892

    The wind is S W, strong and cloudy, rain towards sunset. I was to church in the forenoon, in the afternoon I was out on the Lake Shore Grounds and took a look over the beautiful Milwaukee Bay. The grounds was crowded with people that enjoyed to see the vessels coming in from the lake and how they went out on the lake to and from Milwaukee. It was also nice to see how the trains arrived with passengers on the C & N W R R station which is close by there.

Monday May 30, 1892

    The wind is variable, and calm with a little rain. In the morning they started to unload and had it all out at half past two. I settled up my business and had everything ready, but the weather was not favorable and I left the MISHICOFF lay there. It is always better to lay up river when you are windbound as you are more sure and safe there in every way. I had on 53 1/2 cords of wood, and overrun half cord.

Thursday May 31, 1892

    The wind is north, strong and very foggy in the forenoon. In the afternoon we had very heavy rain and strong wind.

Wednesday June 1, 1892

    The wind is north, strong, and heavy fog and rain. The MISHICOFF is still in Green Bay Canal alongside the dock and she will also lay there until

*********

Book Page 70

 

the weather changes. A large fleet of vessels is coming to Milwaukee and all of them reports strong north wind and heavy sea.

Thursday June 2, 1892

    We are still having strong north wind and cold weather. And the prospects is poor looking for any better, the fog whistle is going all the time.

Friday June 3, 1892

    The wind is north, strong and foggy. It is some times so thick that we can't see more than one one block. The windbound vessels are now strung along the docks from Angus Smith's Elevators and down to the shipyard, two and three in the tier.

Saturday June 4, 1892

The wind is north, light and foggy. A few vessels have towed out this morning but it is very thick and nothing to do. About 12 oclock we towed down with the STARKE and made her fast alongside the La PETTITE at Kraus and Co. dock.

Sunday June 5, 1892

    The wind came around today to S E. The whole fleet made a start and the weather is now fine, but it is still foggy and it took us till Tuesday noon before we got to Onekama.

*********

Book Page 71

Sunday June 26, 1892

    It is now 3 weeks since I wrote in this book. During that time the weather has been very bad. It has been squally and rough and poor chance to make trips. We have only made 2 trips in that time and I hope that it will go better after a little. We are today laying outside Big P. Sable and it has been calm all day, and now at noon it starts to rain. We have some nice birds visiting us and one bird is taking its day sleep onboard now. They are all much tired when they come on board, but after a rest in the rigging or on deck they seem happy again, as happy as a bird. On Friday the 10th of June we had a very foggy day. We could hear all the whistles and foghorns around us, but we could not see any vessels. One vessel was very near us, we both went one way and with about the same speed. About noon a steambarge was heard coming, crossing our course, and after crossing our bow he struck the other vessel and took the bowsprit and jibboom out of her. We took her in tow to Milwaukee. We got to Milwaukee the next day and heard that it was the WESTCOT from Milwaukee. In the afternoon today I decided to go into Ludington, which I did and made her fast to the pier.

Monday June 27, 1892

    The wind is variable, fog and rain until noon, when it breezed up from the north.  In the afternoon it is blowing a gale with rain.  The following vessels arrived windbound: GUIDO, CONTEST, JOSES, LAURINA, ARNSTEN, PARKER, LADY ELLEN, GRAHAM BROS., EMILY & ELIDA, and a couple of steambarges. I made up my mind in the forenoon

*********

Book Page 72

 

to load and started about 10 oclock to load for Sheboygan. I had to stop at 5 on account of the rain. 

Tuesday June 28, 1892

    The storm is all over. The wind is from the south, light and clear, and all the windbound vessels is going out. In the morning we started to load again and was loaded at noon. No chance to go out, the wind S W.

Wednesday June 29, 1892

    The wind is south, light and cloudy. About 7 oclock in the morning we towed out and made all the canvas, she is heading about west and goes very slow.

Thursday June 30, 1892

    The wind is N W, nice breeze and clear. About 12 oclock last night we saw Two Rivers light bearing W N W. The wind came then from N W and we steered S W for Sheboygan. About 10 oclock we handed our towline to tug SHEBOYGAN who landed us at Mattoon's lumber yard. The tug FRED NIELSEN came along then and took us up to Roenit's Tannery where we made her fast at 11 oclock. In the afternoon they started to unload, but it went very slow, they took off about 15 cords.

Friday July 1, 1892

    The wind is south, nice breeze and fine weather. In the morning they started to unload and about 5 in the afternoon it was all out. It was measured to

*********

Book Page   73

 

be 72 1/2 cords and the tug FRED NIELSEN took us out. We gave her all the canvas and she goes for Onekama with a light breeze.

Saturday July 2, 1892

    The wind is south, light and cloudy. Heavy rain clouds is hanging over my head and I think to myself: O what a body of water is not up there today, is all that going to come down? Yes, it started to rain at 7 oclock and kept on the whole day. About 10 oclock we could see the eastshore plain, and the wind came more to the eastward as we got near the shore. We got hold of Portage Lake piers after a tough beating for an easterly puffy breeze. The tug WALLACE came out with the scow DAN HAYES in tow and after leaving her outside he came back and towed the MISHICOFF to Schroeder's pier where we made her fast and going to take it easy until after the fourth.

Sunday July 3, 1892

    The wind is north, strong and clear. I had all the sails up for drying and was sailing a little in my yawl and a visit up town...that way I passed my Sundaytime.

Monday July 4, 1892

    The wind is west, nice breeze and very fine weather.  The day was celebrated with flags and music, and in the evening some fireworks. I was together with friends from Manistee who was up here on a picnic. We had a good time together.

*********

Book Page 74

Tuesday July 5, 1892

The wind is south, light and warm. We started to load in the morning and was loaded at half past six in the evening. We towed out with the tug WALLACE and was left outside in the calm until 12 oclock when it breezed up a little.

Wednesday July 6, 1892

    The wind is S E, light and clear. In the evening we made Two Rivers light bearing about W S W. Calm all night.

Thursday July 7, 1892

    It is nearly calm. Sometimes we feel a little breeze from the eastward, and she moves along so that we have Manitowoc bearing west about sunset.

Friday July 8, 1892

    Calm. Calm. Calm. Centerville bears west at sunrise. In the evening Sheboygan bears S W 6 miles off. It is overclouded, but so calm that the water's surface is smooth as glass. We are six vessels together here and among them is 2 that I know, vis: The NATTIE EARL and the EMMA BANNER. Oh, how lonesome it is to have it so calm. We are used to move about and as we are losing site on one thing another thing shows up and thus the time passes quick, but this way it is awful lonesome.

*********

Book Page 75

Saturday July 9, 1892

Calm. Calm. Calm. A little easterly wind in the afternoon that took us about 10 miles south. We caught a nice little trout in the afternoon, the smallest one I ever got on the hook. I have now got 5 trouts this summer. We had a pretty bird on board this morning, it is taking its sleep somewhere in the rigging I know, but I can't discover it. We are now about abreast of Amsterdam. Slow. Slow.

Sunday July 10, 1892

    Hasn't this been a long Sunday? Well to me it has been long indeed. So calm and still, not a bit of wind to sprinkle the surface of the water. We have some wind up aloft but very very little. The vessel is moving along but so slow that it makes a man lonesome to look over the side. Two pretty bird passengers came on board this morning, but they only made a short visit and off they flew to some other vessel. Milwaukee bears S S W about 12 miles distant. The wind we have is easterly, with thunder showers over the shore.

Monday July 11, 1892

    Last night it breezed up a little from the east. In the morning we made the land in White Fish Bay. It was very hazy so we could not see the land more than two miles distant. We stood out again and met the tug, KNIGHT TEMPLAR, who got our line and towed us to Lichen's Tannery where we made her fast about 11 oclock and started to unload in the afternoon. One rain shower stopped the unloading about two hours so we got off only about 15 cords.

*********

Book Page 76

Tuesday July 12, 1892

    The wind is S W, nice breeze and cloudy. In the morning we started to unload again and had it all out at 4 oclock. It was measured and found to be 68 cords. About 6 oclock we made the foresail and sailed down as far as the shipyard where a steambarge was laying across the river and we had to take in our canvas and stop her. The tug STARKE came along and took us alongside to Kraus & Co. dock where we made her fast.  We got some provisions on board and then made the canvas and sailed out. The wind is N W.

Wednesday July 13, 1892

    The wind is north, strong and clear. In the afternoon we had to take in the gaff topsails and she is going along good. In the evening we made the land between White Lake and Muskegon.

Thursday July 14, 1892

    The wind was to eastward last night, but in the morning it was calm again. During the day we had it very light from the westward, and in the evening we was between Ludington and Pentwater.

Friday July 15, 1892

    Last night the wind came around to the south, We went along pretty good and sailed into the Portage Lake about 6 oclock. The wind was light in the lake and we go to the R. R. dock about seven.  There was only one car of bark for us, which we took in. That is all for today.

*********

Book Page 77

Saturday July 16, 1892

    The wind is west, strong and clear. At nine in the forenoon we got bark and started to load at half past nine. At 6 oclock we was loaded. The wind was then S W so we did not go out. At 7 oclock we handed our towline to tug WALLACE who towed us down to channel where we made the vessel fast until morning.

Sunday July 17, 1892

    The wind is S E, light and clear. About 5 o clock in the morning we towed out and made all the canvas. We stood across with a light breeze.

Monday July 18, 1892

    The wind is south, strong and cloudy, in the afternoon heavy rain. Very poor chance to make time.

Tuesday July 19, 1892

    The wind is S W, light and cloudy with thunder. During the night and morning a heavy fog prevailed, but it cleared up toward noon. The outlook for making time is very poor.

Wednesday July 20, 1892

    The wind is north, light and clear. It is very warm and the time is passing along very slow on account of this still weather.  In the evening we are outside of Sheboygan. Calm. Calm.

*********

Book Page 78

Thursday July 21, 1892

    The wind is S E, nearly calm. Last night it was a little breeze that took us along to Port Washington, but today we do not make anything. It is very hazy over the shore and very hard to recognize.

Friday July 22, 1892

    The wind is S E, light and calm. We steered in for Milwaukee Bay and to the tug about 10 oclock. About 11 we made her fast to Gallion's Tannery docks and started to unload after dinner by electricity.

Saturday July 23, 1892

    The wind is S E, strong and cloudy and warm. In the morning they started to unload again and had it all out in the afternoon about 3 oclock. The bark was measured and found to be 70 cords. I went down town and got my freight and then I went down to tug office and got the tug MERRIL, who towed the MISHICOFF to Lake Michigan. We gave her all the canvas and she is going along nicely for a light S W wind. There is a vessel lying in Milwaukee now below Grand Ave. bridge, her name is PROGRESS, from New Bedford.  She is bark rigged and they say that she is the oldest whaler afloat. Her rigging is decorated with flags of all nations and also the commercial signals, and in the night time she is lighted up by electricity. When entering her deck everything puts you in mind of that you are on board of an old timer, and coming down in her hold there is a fine and large collection of all kinds of shells, starfishes, whalebones, feathers, wings and heads of

*********

Book Page 79

 

sea birds, and most everything you can think of in that line. Thousands of peoples are visiting her. Tickets 25 cents.

Sunday July 24, 1892

    The wind is south, light and very warm. We are going along about 5 miles an hour, we made Big P. Sable about noon, and in the evening about 10 oclock we sailed through Portage Lake piers. The tug WALLACE came alongside after we got inside and landed us to Schroeder's pier where we made her fast.

Monday July 25, 1892

    The wind is south, light and warm. In the morning I went to Pierport to look for my load and also to see about the swell. I found my load all ready on the pier but a little too much swell to load so I went back again and made up my mind to wait until morning.

Tuesday July 26, 1892

    The wind is east, light and fine weather. About 4 oclock in the morning we gave her the canvas and sailed out Portage Lake and down towards Pierport. Coming abreast of Apron Bluff the wind died away and we was in the calm there, but we lowered our yawl and towed her along until we got a light breeze from south that landed us at the pier about half past nine. 10 oclock we started to load and in 4 1/2 hours we was loaded. We gave her the canvas, but it was calm and we laid with our canvas on until sunset when it spring up a nice breeze from north that took

*********

Book Page 80

 

us about 5 miles in the lake, then it came off land. Mr. Wirts the owner of the wood is with us.

Wednesday July 27, 1892

    The wind is south, strong and clear in the forenoon but in the afternoon it came up with heavy rain and thunder squalls so we could not have any canvas on. Two River light bears S W about 10 miles distant.

Thursday July 28, 1892

    The wind is all over, most of the time it is from the south, heavy rain and thunder squalls. In the afternoon about 3 oclock we went to an anchor with Two River light bearing south 5 miles distant. There is nothing to make by lying under canvas, we are only drifting to the north, and now she will stay here until we have a change. Here is nine fathoms of water. We are seven vessels here in company. About sunset it breezed up from north, with rain and thick weather. We hove our anchor up and made the canvas and she is going nice for Milwaukee.

Friday July 29, 1892

    The wind is north, strong and clear. We are sailing nicely along the shore. About 4 oclock in the afternoon we handed our line to the KNIGHT TEMPLAR, who towed us inside. We did not sell the wood today.

Saturday July 30, 1892

    The wind is north, nice breeze and clear. Our

*********

Book Page 81

 

wood was handed in to Johnson Commissionary, who sold it to Whitenall & Rademacher. We towed up there and was unloaded in the evening. 56 1/2 cords.

Sunday July 31, 1892

    The wind is S W, nice and clear. I am visiting friends in the city and taking things easy. 

Monday August 1, 1892

    The wind is north, strong and squally. I am making arrangements to sell my vessel but will not get through before tomorrow.

Tuesday August 2, 1892

    The wind is south, nice breeze and clear. In the evening the vessel was sold and everything settled up so that we could go out. We handed our towline to S. L. CORE about 6 oclock and she goes for Onekama with a nice southerly breeze.

*********

Book Page 82

 

    On July 24, 1893 was the day I stopped sailing on the lakes. The freights during that summer was very poor, but the seamen's wages was fair, about $2.00 per day. But a good many of the vessels had to lay up, and among them was the one I sailed in. There was poor times among the sailors in every seaport, and the money earned and spent during days gone by would have been of important benefit to a multitude of the idle sailors.

    On September 15th 1893, I was put in command of Light Ship No. 60, She was lying at the Government Bouy Depot, Detroit Mich. It was an important day for me. I had spent about 25 years sailing on vessels and now I should help to guide our modern merchant fleet safely in and out of harbours.

    After a successful three weeks fitting out in Detroit I left on the 3rd day of October for Eleven Foot Shoal, where I arrived on the 5th, and was moored to a mushroom anchor of 5 tons weight, and 60 fathoms of 1 3/4 inch chain. In the evening the light was hoisted for the first time, and thus my new life had begun, with perfect gentlemen for superior officers.

*********



Lightship Number 60 The Eleven Foot Shoal

Courtesy Delta County Historical Society

*********

********************

 

 

RETIREMENT

 

 

********************

*********

 

Escanaba Daily Press
August 7, 1925
News Articles

CAPTAIN KRISTENSEN*   ENDS 54-YEAR CAREER ON OCEANS AND LAKES

Retires as Keeper of Sand Point Light - Sailor at 16

    Fifty-four years of roving the high seas and the Great Lakes in sailing ships, manning storm-tossed light ships and tending wind-swept light houses, were rounded out yesterday by Captain Soren Kristensen.
    The veteran seaman goes on the United States government's retirement list this morning
at the age of seventy years. He will move from the Sandy Point light, which he has watched for 12 years, to a new home at 1121 Lake Shore Drive, where he will be able to see the waves splashing upon the coast, he guarded so long. But the light will be in charge of Captain D. Armstrong, who will move over from the Peninsula Point light to become Uncle Sam's Escanaba light service representative.
   
Sailor at 16
    Captain Kristensen was a lad of 16 in Norway when he first joined the ranks of the intrepid Norsemen who go "down to the sea in ships". That was in 1869. For seventeen years he sailed on vessels which visited the West Indies, Brazil and

*********

the other South American coasts, Africa, the Mediterranean and all the important and interesting ports of Europe.
    In 1886 he came to the Great Lakes; sailing for seven summers as master of a schooner in the fresh water seas. He became master of the "11-foot Shoal. " the lightship which protects shipping headed for Escanaba from the shoal for which the craft is named, in 1893, and remained in the position for twenty years.
    Upon retirement of the late Lewis A Rose, as keeper of the Sandy Point light, twelve years ago, Captain Kristensen was transferred to Escanaba.
    70 Years Old Now
    "I'm seventy," he said yesterday. "Uncle Sam says that's too old to be of service any longer. I'm going to retire and rest. It's been a long time since I had what might be called a real vacation. Maybe I've earned one. I'm going to take one at any rate"
    "Yes, I expect I'll miss the lighthouse, and the duties I've grown so accustomed to. But they say a person can get used to any thing. It's up to me now to get used to be a retired seaman instead of one that has been active, in some branch of the sailing trade, for almost a lifetime."

* Kristiansen

*********

This verse is a sample of Captain Kristiansen's handwriting during the period when he was keeper of the Sand Point Lighthouse in Escanaba. It was written on the back of an envelope in which a bill for coal had been sent to the lighthouse.

 

*********

*********

 

********************

 


OBITUARY

 

********************

 

*********

 

Escanaba Daily Press
June 18, 1932
Obituary


CAPTAIN SOREN KRISTIANSEN

    Final rites for Captain Soren Kristiansen, retired lighthouse keeper, were held at the family home, 1211 Lake Shore Drive, 2:00 o'clock yesterday afternoon and at the Norwegian Danish Luthern church 2:30 o'clock yesterday afternoon, with Reverend
K. Knutsen officiating. Burial was in Lakeview cemetery. The pallbearers were Arne Bergerson, Peter Jacobson, Peter Jensen, Knut Knutson, A. Ma Arntzen, Richard Arnsen.

*********





Sand Point Lighthouse



Courtesy Delta County Historical Society

********

INDEX *

**********


A. M. AVERY, 41
ABBIE, 25
ACTIVE, 50
AGNES, 5, 14, 18
AMSTERDAM, 75
ANNIE, 29
ANNIE SMITH, 40
Apron Bluff, 10, 79
ARNSTEN, 71
ARUNDEL, 41
BARBER, 25
Bark trade, 1, 2, 5, 23
Big Point Sable, 13, 22, 27
Birds, 34
Boat papers - Mishicoff, 59
Brick, 61
Bridge tender, 26
Brookfield Saloon, 21
Burmiester, 14, 28, 36, 37, 53
C. L TICK, 28
CALEDONIA, 41
CARL, 46, 51, 68
Centerville, 74
Chamberlain's Pier, 37
Chicago, 64, 66
Chicago Northwestern Railroad Station, 69
CHICCIS, 7

*********

INDEX

Churches, 8, 18, 38, 55
CITY OF ERIE, 30
CITY OF GRAND HAVEN, 25
CONTEST, 71
Cooper shop, 44
COWLES, 2, 14
Custom House, 68
DAN HAYS, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 73
DAN MABS, 17, 18, 25
DAN NAYES, 21, 24, 28, 35, 38, 54
DAN PADDEN, 28
Detroit, 82
DREADNAUGHT, 14
DUVALL, 2
E. GILLEN, 42
Eleven Foot Shoal, 82
ELIDA, 71
ELSIE DAY, 4
EMERLINE, 40
EMILY, 71
EMMA BANNER, 74
EMMA NEILSON, 61
EVENING STAR, 2
F. M. SMITH, 2
Fachetasche's Tannery, 12, 15
Faist Kraus and Co., 46
Fishing, 4, 75
Flags, 19
Fourth of July, 17
FRANCK CANFIELD, 41
FRED NIELSON, 1, 3, 8, 16, 19, 20, 72, 73
G. ELLEN, 25, 32, 33, 35, 54, 55, 57, 58
G. L. Company docks, 52
Gallion's Tannery, 78
GENOA, 2
GILBERT KNAPP, 25
Glen House, 54

*********

INDEX

GRAHAM BROS., 71
Grand Haven, 66, 67
GREEN, 2, 3
Groh, Ole, 8
GUIDO, 56, 57, 62, 71
Hansen, Hans Capt., 28
Hansen, Rev., 38
HATTI EARL, 29
HAWKINS, 3
HENRY COWLES, 26, 28, 29, 35
Herring Lake, 61
Hook and Nelsen's Mill, 39
IDA, 25
IDA E. OLSEN, 51
Illinois Central Slip, 64
Incidents at sea, 23, 71
INDUSTRY, 21
IRIS, 29
ISABELLE SANDS, 41
ISOLDA BOCK, 40
J. V. JONES, 30
J. W. PORTER, 35
JENNY MULLEN, 40
JESSE WINTER, 2, 3
JOHN W. JONES, 35
JOHNSON, 32
Johnson Commissionary, 81
JOSES, 71
K. O. T. N., 54
Kenosha, 23, 25
Kittlesen, Capt., 33
KNIGHT TEMPLER, 52, 75, 80
Kraus, F. & CO. Docks, 51
L. A. REASER, 2
Labour Day, 26
LADY ELLEN, 71
LA PETTITE, 70
LAURILL, 29

*********


INDEX

LAURINA, 59, 71
Light Ship No. 60, 82
Lighthouses, 24
LILLY E, 1, 3
Little Point Sable, 27
LUCY GRAHAM, 29
Ludington, 17, 71
Maccabee, 62
MADONNA, 17
MAGNOLIA, 29
Manistee, 24, 43
Manitowac, 12
Market's Store, 64
Matoon's Lumber Yard, 72
MERCHANT, 5
MERRIL, 31, 78
Milwaukee, 46, 69
MINER, 14
MINISCHAKA, 3
MINNIE, 29
MINNIE HA HA, 29
MISCHICOFF, 1, 2, 7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 26, 28, 31, 33,   37, 38, 39, 59, 61, 62, 64, 67, 69, 73, 78
Mitchell Dock, 42
NATTIE EARL, 74
Neilson, James, 37
NELLY CHURCH, 29
Nielson, Capt., 2, 17
Nitting, Charles, 53
Northern lights, 27
Norway, 8
Norwegian church, 8
Onekama
    fire, 36, 55
    Mineral spring, 39
    opera house, 14, 36
OSCOOD, 44

*********

INDEX

PARKER, 71
PETREL, 25
Pierport, 79
Pilots
    in Norway, 8
Pool, Mr., 62
Port Washington, 20, 46, 68
Portage Lake, 4, 10, 24, 67
Portage Piers, 4, 10, 14, 16
PORTER, 5, 7, 21, 28, 38, 50
Potatoes, 64
PRIDE, 7
PROGRESS, 78
Provisions, 51, 52
RACINE, 26, 66
RAND, 26
Rasmussen, Mr., 58
Rathburne and Company, 66
Roenets Tannery, 1, 9, 72
RUBY, 40
S. L. CORE, 81
ST. LAWRENCE, 9
SARDINA, 3
Scandinavians, 26
Schroeder's Pier, 10, 15, 16, 17, 37, 53, 67
Scott, Mr., 55
Sheboygan, 1, 2, 9, 12, 23, 49
SHEBOYGAN, 4, 7, 13, 15, 19, 29, 50, 72
SILVER CLOUD, 20
SILVER LAKE, 29
Simonsen Clasen and Young, 46
SIMPSON, 46, 50
Sims Mill, 40
SMITH, 5
Smitt, Angus
    elevator, 50
STARKE, 46, 70, 76
STEVENS, 4, 21, 28, 37, 38, 47, 50, 62

*********

INDEX

Stewart, Mr., 39
Swedish church, 18
Tugmen
    of Sheboygan, 9
Two Rivers Light, 6, 7, 18, 24
TYLOR, 43
Union, 7
VEGA, 7
Vermillion, 8
VERMONT, 5, 12, 17, 21, 24, 28, 35, 36, 38, 39, 41, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62
W. L. CROSTHIWAITE, 8
WALISKA, 61
WALLACE, 6, 14, 17, 23, 24, 27, 34, 47, 49, 57, 59, 61, 63, 68, 73, 74, 77, 79
WATISKA, 3
WESCOT, 71
Whaler (Progress), 78
WHEELER, 43, 45
White Fish Bay, 75
Whitehall & Radamacher, 81
Wm. CHAPMAN, 40
Wm. H. DUNHAM, 31, 32
WILLIAMS, 3
Wirts, Mr., 80
World's Fair, 64
Younker, Rev., 58


* Names of ships in capital letters

Return To Secord Press Home Page